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Boards Path > General Path > Flashcards

General Path Flashcards

1
Q

Apoptosis and Pathways

A
  • Intrinsic, elevated calcium and mitochondrial membrane instability allows cyt c to exit mitochondria and activate caspaces. BCL-2 is anti-apoptotic and BAX is pro-apoptotic
  • Extrinsic FAS
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2
Q

Gangrene (Dry vs Wet)

A
  • Dry gangrene occurs due to ischemia

- Wet Gangrene due to bacterial infection

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3
Q

Leukocyte Extravasation

A
  • Rolling: E-Selectin and P Selectin from WP bodies on endothelial cells bind to sialyl lewis X sugars on leukocytes
  • Tight Binding: ICAM on endothelial cells binds to LFA1 on leukocytes (Decreased, can’t extravasate)
  • Extravasation: PECAM homotypic interactions
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4
Q

Neutrophil Chemoattractants

A

-C5a, LTB4, IL-8, Kalikrein

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5
Q

Wound Healing Stages

A
  • 2 Days: Inflammation, fibrin and macrophages infiltrate are
  • 2-3 Days: Granulation tissue (type 3 collagen) neovascularization.
  • 1 Week: Replaced by type I collagen myofibroblast contraction
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6
Q

Wound Healing Intention

A
  • Primary Intention: Smooth cut, laceration, skin juxtaposed
  • Secondary Intention: Wound packed tighlty
  • 3 intention: Purposely left open
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7
Q

ESR reason

A
  • Inflammatory mediators bind to RBC and make them sediment out faster
  • Used for Temporal Ateritis
  • Decreased in polycythemia, CHF, Sickle Cell
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8
Q

Downs Cancer

A

ALL

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9
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis

A

Giant Cell Astrocytoma, Renal angiolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma

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10
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

SCC

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11
Q

Pagets

A

Osteosarcoma (adult) child Rb increases risk

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12
Q

Immunodeficencies

A

Lymphomas (kaposi sarcoma for AIDS)

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13
Q

Radiation

A

Leukemia, Papillary Thyroid, Breast

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14
Q

Autoimmunity

A

Lymphomas

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15
Q

abl mutation

A

CML, normally RT, treat with inib

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16
Q

C-myc

A

-Burkitts Lymphoma, transcription factor (same with other myc)

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17
Q

BCL-2

A

Lymphoma

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18
Q

Her2Neu

A

Breast Cancer TK

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19
Q

RET

A

MEN, Hirshprungs TK

20
Q

C-kit

A

GIST, Cytokine receptor

21
Q

Rb

A

Retinoblastoma and Osteosarcoma

Normally binds E2F (hypophos) and prevents progression

22
Q

P-53

A

Li Fraumeni and many cancers. TF for p21 which inhibits transition into S phase

23
Q

BRAF

A

Melanoma, regulates MAPK

24
Q

NF-1

A

NF1, regulates RAS pathway

25
Q

CEA

A

Colorectal, Pancreatic, Breast, medullary thyroid

-Can be used to monitor colorectal cancer response to therapy

26
Q

AFP

A

HCC

27
Q

CEA

A
  • Colorectal, Breast, Thyroid

- Most indicated to use for response to treatment of colorectal

28
Q

AFP

A

-HCC, Germ Cell Tumors

29
Q

B HCG

A

-Ectopics, hyatidaform moles and choriocarcinoma

30
Q

CA-125

A

Ovarian

31
Q

S-100

A

Neural Crest: Schwannoma, Melanoma, Neuroendocrine of lung and others

32
Q

ALK-P

A

Bone Mets, Liver, Pagets

33
Q

Bombesin

A

-Neuroblastoma, lung, gastric

34
Q

TRAP

A

-Hairy Cell Leukemia

35
Q

CA 19-9

A

-Pancreatic

36
Q

Calcitonin

A

-Medullary Thyroid

37
Q

ACTH

A

-Small Cell Lung

38
Q

ADH

A

-Small Cell Lung

39
Q

PTHrP

A

-SCC lung, breast, renal

40
Q

Vitamin D

A

-Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma

41
Q

EPO

A

Renal, HCC, hemangio, pheo

42
Q

Lambert Eaton

A

Small Cell Lung

43
Q

Brain Mets

A

-Lung, Breast, Kidney

44
Q

Liver Mets

A
  • Colon

- Also rest of GI tract, but colon most notable (presence of seretonin syndrome means met from carcinoid)

45
Q

Bone

A

-Prostate, Breast, lung, thyroid, testes

Boards Path (20 decks)

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