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The Middle East 1908-2011 > general + past mistakes > Flashcards

general + past mistakes Flashcards

1
Q

pan arabism

A

movement striving for arab political unity, rooted in the feeling of sharing the same language & religion & desire to create an arab state

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2
Q

fedayeen

A

arab militia/guerilla group who were responsible for launching many attacks on israel

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3
Q

baghdad pact

A

1955

an alliance including turkey iran iraq pakistan GB

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4
Q

non-aligned

A

nations that chose not to ally or align with one great power

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5
Q

muslim brotherhood

A

organisation founded in 1928 to spread islam/islamic law

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6
Q

to which group did nasser appeal to the most

A

youth

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7
Q

which middle eastern countries disliked nassers policies

A

iraq jordan saudi arabi

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8
Q

name group in egypt that opposed nasser

A

muslim brotherhood

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9
Q

eisenhower doctrin 1957

A

eisenhower declared that internatinal commuism was the greatest threat to the middle east, USA promised financial aid to any country that resisted it

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10
Q

uar

A

united arab republic

formed feb 1958

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11
Q

who suceeded nasser in 1970

A

answar sadat

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12
Q

who ruled prior to the 52 egyptian revolution

A

king farouk

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13
Q

PLO

A

organisation to represent the palestinian people in the struggle for the liberation of palestine, set up in 1964

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14
Q

imperialism

A

extending a countrys power & influence over other territories

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15
Q

who become president of egypt after the coup

A

general naguib

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16
Q

nasser became president in

A

1954

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17
Q

to nationalise

A

transfer from private to public

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18
Q

who was PM of GB during suez crisis

A

anthony eden

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19
Q

how did the french describe nasser

A

hitler on the nile

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20
Q

why does israel want rid of nasser

A

border raids, refusal to recognise the state of israel, feared increasing military strenght of egypt, egyptian blockade of the tiran straits

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21
Q

how did the us respond to israel GB french action against egypt in 1956

A

condemned it & threatened to cutt off financial aid

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22
Q

which egyptian territory did the israelis capture but were forced to return

A

sinai

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23
Q

fatah

A

palestinian guerilla group founded in 1959 by yasser arafat

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24
Q

brinkmanship

A

pursing a dangerous policy to the brink of war

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25
Q

resolution 242

A

peace agreement of nov 1967 which called on the withdrawal of israeli armed forced from the occupied territories

land for peace

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26
Q

land for peace

A

formula by which israel would give up arab land it had conquered in return for arab recognition of israel

27
Q

brinkmanship

A

pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of satefy, in this case to the brink of war

28
Q

incursions

A

sudden attacks

29
Q

israeli occupation of arab lands during the 67 war

A

sinai & gaza from egypt
golan heights from syria
east jerusalem & west bank from jordan

jewish settlements were built in these occcupied territories

30
Q

how did israeli win 67 six day war

A

israelis destroyed air forces of egypt jordan & syria

31
Q

what did 242 resolution call for

A

israeli withdrawal from occupied lands

arab recognition of israel

32
Q

egypt list the leader

A 
british occupation
independance from uk - kingdom of egypt
1952 free officers coup
1953 nasser
1970 anwar sadat
1981 hosni mubarak
2011 arab spring, march madness
33
Q

airlift

A

large scale transport of supplies by air, esp in an emergency

34
Q

al qaida

A

arabic word for base, started off for training recruits in afghanistan

it came to refer to an organisation or network of islamists of whom osama bin laden was the leader

35
Q

alawites

A

members of a shiite muslim group living mainly in syria

36
Q

annexed

A

took control over a territory + incorporated into the state of israel

37
Q

anti semitism

A

prejudice or hatred towards jews

38
Q

arab higher committee

A

committee of palestinian arab leaders, fdn in 1936

attempted to direct the arab rebellion

39
Q

arab league

A

est in 1945 to represent the arab states

originally had six members: egypt iraq transjordan lebanon saudi arabia syria

40
Q

arab socialist union

A

rebrand name of the party which nasser was in

41
Q

arab spring

A

revolutinary wave of demonstrations + protests which broke out in 2011

42
Q

ataturk

A

1935 mustafah kemal adopted the surname ataturk - means father of the turks

43
Q

ayatollah

A

most senoir scholars in shia muslim

44
Q

baath

A

rebirth of an arab power

founded in syria in the 40s the influence of the baathists later extended to several arab countries

45
Q

baghdad pact

A

1955, alliance formed by gb turkey iran and later pakistan + iraq

46
Q

black september

A

a palestinian group which killed 11 israeli athletes at 1972 olympics

47
Q

saddam hussein

A

leader of iraq, 1979-2003

sunni muslim !!!

48
Q

ayatollah khomeini

A

leader of iran, 1979-89

shia muslim who had a part in the islamic revolution

49
Q

why did hussein start the 1980 iran iraq war

A

wanted iranian ports
iran was weak
khomeini had been encouraging iraqi shia revolution

50
Q

who was backing iraq in the 1980 war

A

usa uk france soviets kuwait qatar bahrain uae

by supplying money + arms

opposed new iranian regime of political islam, didnt want similar revolutions in their own countries

51
Q

ceasefire that ends the 1980 war

A

un resolution 598

called for end to fighting + all prisoners of war back

52
Q

iran iraq war - religious divides?

A

both are shia majority
HOWEVER iraq under hussein at the time was pretty secular, and iran under khomeini was wanting for iraq to become more stronly islamic aka be under shariah law

53
Q

religion in iraq under hussein

A

iraq is a shia majority country at this poiint

but hussein is sunni - shias + kurds are repressed

54
Q

religion of al qaidi

A

sunni

started in response to soviet invasion of afghanistan. base ends up being in saudi arabia

55
Q

1987 riots in palestine aka

A

the first intifada

result of the israeli occupation of west bank + gaza strip

56
Q

was egypt after 1952 (free officers coup) democratic

A

hell no

arab socialist union was the only legal political party. all others banned + parliament had limited power

57
Q

israeli leader during six day war 1967

A

levi eshkol

58
Q

israeli leader during 1973 october war

A

golda meir

59
Q

israeli leader during the oslo accords early 90s

A

yitzhak rabin - assassinated as a result in 1995

60
Q

why has israeli leaders become more right wing

A

become more strictly right wing - result of nationalism, right of israel to have the land

61
Q

israels closest western supporter

A

usa

began sending weaponry aid in 60s, having committed their suport to them for decades prior

62
Q

the western plan to attack egypt for suez nationalisation

A

operation kadesh

reminder usa was furious bc they thought egypt might retaliate by asking soviets for aid, which is a nightmare in this cold war time

63
Q

agreements made at the ceasefire of 1991 first gulf war - invasion of kuwait

A
  • no fly zones to ensure safety of kurds in the north, so they could get home
  • reparations
  • iraq to destroy all weapons of mass destruction
64
Q

impact of trade sanctions on iraq after first iraq war

A
  • sanctions caused malnutrition and dysentary.
    70% of food imported -

no chlorine - contaminated water 1/4-1/2 mil kids died

trade began again after bombings of 1998

The Middle East 1908-2011 (6 decks)

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