Ch1 the great powers in the middle east 1900-39 Flashcards
when did jews begin getting expelled from palestine
as early as AD 70 by the roman soldiers
balfour declaration 1917
the British govt declared its support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine, in the form of a letter that would become known as the Balfour Declaration.
careful about their wording, expressed their suport for a jewish homeland not a jewish state - nonetheless the jews took this as a promise of aid
who did turkey side with in ww2
german side
made GB & US worried cos of their reliance on oil
diaspora
dispersal of a people, in this jews, to different places in the world
synagogue
building where jews meet to worship
promised land
land of palestine which jews believed god had promised to them
zionists
those who advocated the creation of a jewish homeland and later an independant state in palestine
prophet muhammad
572 - 632
was born in the arabian city of mecca
the messanger + prophet of god
mandate
an order from the league of nations
giving britian + france control of arab lands previously ruled by turkey
wafd
arabic for delegation, suggesting the partys claim to represent hte people
a nationalist political party in egypt
said zaghlul
egyptian nationalist leader
jewish agency
the governing body of the zionist movement in palestine during the british mandate
arab higher committee
committee of palestinian arab leaders formed in 1936 in an attempt to direct the arab rebellion
haganah
the jewish defence force which was set up in the 1920s + was later to form the basis of the israeli army
david ben-gurion
leader of the jewish agency + first prime minister of israeli in teh 1940s to 60s
mcmahon hussein letters
in 1915
promising british support + advice if the arabs were to begin fighting off the turks
1916 the arab revolt
arab army led by faisal blew up turkish trains + disrupted the flow of military supplies to turkish soldiers
sykes picot agreement
in 1916
Refers to how the British and the French agreed to carve up Turkey’s Arab lands after the war & share it amongst themselves.
This was obviously not communicated the Arabs, who felt they had fought the Turks for sufficient time & now deserved self-govt, and were justifiably fuming when they found out
why did gb start sykes picot agreement
WW1 wasn’t going swimmingly & they couldn’t not have a super strong alliance with France, her main ally
ME is such a useful trading link
Want to protect the Suez Canal, which was jointly owned by the French. Britain already controlled Egypt & saw Palestine as an additional buffer zone to protect the canal
treaty of versailles 1919 - what came of it regarding the middle east
french given syria + lebanon mandates
gb given palestine transjordan + iraq mandates
decided by the league of nations
1945 what changed regarding french mandates
recognised the independance of both syria + lebanon
the two states joined the UN + the french military were promptly removed
british administration of transjordan
1923 brits acknowledge transjordan as its own state
providing a financial subsidy to support the building of schools + roads
kept in charge of some foreign policy + military troops
british administration of iraq
huge rebellion by iraqi nationalists - cycle of rebellions rising and being crushed
1932 iraq was granted independance
gb kept control of foreign poicy + some airbases
1919 egyptian revolution
the result of popular egyptian nationalist leader, said zaghlul
egypt was declared a soverign state in
1922
arab jewish riots of 1921 where
jaffas ( a western port town) that had lots of jewish immigrants
churchill visits palestine in 1921 and says
goes back on the balfour declaration + said to stop immigration for good
that is not in my power + it is not my wish
immigration in teh 20s
slows down a lot in the 20s
the jewish population doubles. by 1929, there are a million arabs + 160,000 jews in palestine
british control of jewish immigration becomes evermore complicated in teh 40s
estricting immigration makes them look insensitive to the jews’ plight at the hand of the nazis; but not doing anything will result in only more arab fear & violence
caught between a rock and a hard place
jews are leaving europe in their hundreds of thousands due to anti semitism headed by hitler
ARAB REBELLION IN TEH 30S
the displaced palestinians peasants (all arab) who find themselves landless & impoverished
Fighting was becoming more and more widespread until there was a mini palestinian war - the british responded harshly, cracking down on mostly arab leaders, having some hanged exiles and their houses destroyed
Also, the british helped train the jewish defence force the Haganah
may 1936, the leader of the Jewish agency David Ben-Gurion recognised the widespread support for the arab rebellion and concluded “we both want palestine. And that is the fundamental conflict.” suggesting that only war would resolve the conflict
arabs response to the british partition plan of 1937
reject - they think they should have all of palestine as the brits promised them in the hussein macmonald letters
zionist response to british partion plan of 1937
jewish agency agreed to the plan + but made it clear they were expecting more soon
The british partition plan 1937
THE HEIGHT OF THE REBELLION: the british govt set up an inquiry led by lord peel, concluding that cooperation between the arabs and jews was impossible. The report recommended the parition of palestine into two seperate states, one jewish & the other arab.
The british govt white paper, 1939
With the rebellion over, the brits have given up on the idea of partition. And with WW2 brewing, the brits are aware they need to have the arabs of their side so they can continue to receive oil & win this war
The govt issues a special white paper (a doc that makes recommendations for discussion) that declared the brits were wanting an independant palestine in the next 10 years, where jews and arabs share responsibility for governing the country. They conceded there would be considerable restrictions on jewish immigration in the coming years. Only 10,000 jewish immigrants for each of the following 5 years, and thereafter there would be no further jewish immigration unless the arabs of palestine where in agreement
