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Spinal Anatomy > General Organization of a Vertebra > Flashcards

General Organization of a Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra?

A

The vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

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2
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical- Rectangular
Thoracic- Triangular
Lumbar- Reniform

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3
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

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4
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

Superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate

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5
Q

What are the names given to the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

A

Nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

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6
Q

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

A

Basivertebral Venous Foramen

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7
Q

What is the name of the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle?

A

The superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

The inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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8
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch?

A

The pedicle

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9
Q

All lamina are oriented in what direction?

A

Posterior and median

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10
Q

What is the given to the overlap of laminae seen on an X-ray?

A

Shingling

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11
Q

What ligament will attach to the lamina?

A

The ligamentum Flavum

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12
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum?

A

Para articular process

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13
Q

The classification of bone will para-articular processes represent?

A

Accessory bone

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14
Q

What is the name given to the lamina - pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical - articular pillar; thoracic and lumbar - pars interartiularis

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15
Q

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch - spinous process on a lateral x-ray?

A

The spinolaminar junction

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16
Q

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch?

A

The apophyseal regions

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17
Q

What names may be given to each apophysis of the spine?

A

The transverse apophysis or transverse processes, articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

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18
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical- anterolateral
Thoracic- posterolateral
Lumbar- lateral

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19
Q

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature?

A

The costal element

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20
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region?

A

Cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward and downward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexus thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

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21
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region?

A

The growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backward

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22
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between articular facets of a vertebral couple?

A

The zygapophysis

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23
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis?

A

The superior articular facet

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24
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis?

A

The inferior articular facet

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25
Q

In the vertebral column, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to to the zygapophysis is called the ___?

A

pre-zygapophysis

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26
Q

In the vertebral column, the part of the vertebra which lies posterior to the zygapophysis is called the ____?

A

Post-zygapophysis

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27
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis?

A

The superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

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28
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?

A

The inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

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29
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

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30
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of the typical intervertebral foramen?

A

The vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disc, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

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31
Q

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

A

Calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and horizontal plane

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32
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous process or spinous apophyses as seen on x-ray?

A

Imbrication

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33
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/spinous apophysis?

A

The spinous tubercle

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34
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/ spinous apophysis at each region of the spine?

A

Cervical- Slightly inferiorly
Thoracic- Noticeable angle inferiorly
Lumbar- no inferior angle

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35
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column?

A

Cervical- Triangular
Thoracic- Oval
Lumbar- Triangular
Sacral- Triangular

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36
Q

At what vertebral level will the spinal cord typically terminate?

A

L1

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37
Q

At what vertebral level will the dural sac typically terminate?

A

S2

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38
Q

Which segmental arteries will arise from the internal iliac artery?

A

the iliolumbar and lateral sacral arteries

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39
Q

Identify all segmental arteries

A

Vertebral, ascending cervical, deep cervical, superior (highest) intercostal, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar, lateral sacral and median (middle) sacral

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40
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the cervical spine?

A

The vertebral artery, ascending cervical artery and deep cervical artery

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41
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the thoracic spine?

A

The deep cervical artery, superior (highest) intercostal artery, posterior intercostal artery and subcostal artery

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42
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the lumbar spine?

A

The lumbar arteries, iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median (middle) sacral artery

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43
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the fifth lumbar vertebra?

A

The iliolumbar artery, lateral sacral artery, and median (middle) sacral artery

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44
Q

What are the segmental arteries of the sacrum?

A

iliolumbar artery, Lateral sacral artery and median (middle) sacral artery

45
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the vertebral artery?

A

C1-C6

46
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the ascending cervical artery?

A

C1-C6

47
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the deep cervical artery?

A

C7-T1

48
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the superior (highest) intercostal artery?

A

T1, T2

49
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the posterior intercostal artery?

A

T3-T11

50
Q

What segmental level(s) is/are supplied by the subcostal artery?

A

T12

51
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the lumbar arteries?

A

L1-L4

52
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the median (middle) sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, Coccyx

53
Q

What segmental levels are supplied by the iliolumbar artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, Coccyx

54
Q

What segmental level(s) is/are supplied by the lateral sacral artery?

A

L5, S1-S5, Coccyx

55
Q

What vertebra has the highest number of segmental arteries associated with it?

A

L5

56
Q

What segmental arteries for L5?

A

Iliolumbar artery, Median (Middle) sacral artery, and lateral sacral artery

57
Q

What branch of the segmental artery supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

A

Dorsospinal artery

58
Q

Which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Spinal artery

59
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery?

A

Osseous artery, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery, anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery

60
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space?

A

Osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

61
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus

62
Q

What arteries are observe in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

Posterior spinal canal artery & plexus

63
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarachnoid space?

A

Anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

64
Q

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlets and nerve root?

A

Anterior radicular artery

65
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets, nerve root, and nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior radicular artery

66
Q

Which artery is now said to enlarge and form the medullary feeder artery?

A

The radicular artery

67
Q

What is the location and number of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

A

9 anterior and 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

68
Q

The anterior spinal artery is a branch from which artery?

A

The vertebral artery

69
Q

Is the anterior spinal artery a single, continuous artery along the spinal cord?

A

NO

70
Q

As the anterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

Anterior medullary feeder arteries

71
Q

The posterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery

72
Q

What is the position of the posterior spinal artery relative to the spinal cord?

A

It lies in the posterolateral sulcus along the spinal cord

73
Q

As the posterior spinal artery continues along the spinal cord, which arteries unite along its length to give the appearance of a single continuous vessel?

A

Posterior medullary feeder arteries

74
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

A

Right and left spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 4 communicating arteries

75
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

A median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

76
Q

What is the generic name given to the arteries that penetrate the spinal cord?

A

Intramedullary arteries

77
Q

What are the intramedullary branches of the arterial vasa corona?

A

Pial perforating arteries and central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries

78
Q

what artery gives off the ventral/sulcal/central perforating arteries?

A

The anterior spinal artery

79
Q

What arteries are responsible for supplementing the arterial vasa corona along the cord

A

Anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

80
Q

What vessels drain the spinal cord?

A

Pial veins

81
Q

What will pial veins drain into?

A

Venous Vasa Corona

82
Q

Which vessels form the venous vasa corona?

A

Right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins, and 4 communicating veins

83
Q

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona?

A

Anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

84
Q

Which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots?

A

Anterior radicular veins

85
Q

What vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion?

A

Posterior radicular veins

86
Q

What veins will lie in the subarachnoid space?

A

Pial veins, venous vasa corona, anterior longitudinal veins, posterior longitudinal veins, communicating veins, anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins, anterior radicular veins, posterior radicular veins

87
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

88
Q

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen?

A

intervertebral veins

89
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum

A

Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

90
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord (spinal medulla or medulla spinalis) and the commonly accepted meaning of each.

A

Dura mater- tough mother
Arachnoid mater- spider mother
Pia mater- tender or delicate mother

91
Q

What is the name given to the fluid within the epidural space?

A

Interstitial fluid

92
Q

What are the vascular contents of the epidural space?

A

Anterior and posterior spinal canal artery & plexus anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus basivertebral vein

93
Q

What are the neural contents of the epidural space?

A

Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve

94
Q

What ligaments are associated with the epidural space?

A

Hofmann/anterior dural/ meningovertebral ligaments
Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament

95
Q

Which of the blood vessels of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein

96
Q

Which of the nerves of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A

recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve

97
Q

Which of the ligaments of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament and Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

98
Q

Which of the blood vessels of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A

Posterior spinal canal artery & plexus

Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

99
Q

Which of the nerves of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A

Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve

100
Q

Which of the ligaments of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A

Ligamentum flavum and Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

101
Q

Which meningeal space is now thought to be a potential space, not an actual space?

A

Subdural space - between the dura mater and arachnoid mater

102
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
Anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Basivertebral vein
Recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

103
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the lamina?

A

Posterior spinal canal artery & plexus
Posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Ligamentum flavum
recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
Hofmann/anterior dural/meningovertebral ligaments

104
Q

What is the name given to the fluid present within the subdural space?

A

Serous fluid

105
Q

What is the name given to the fluid with the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fuid

106
Q

What ligaments may be present in the subarachnoid space?

A

Dentate/denticulate ligaments

107
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of pia mater on the spinal cord?

A

Dentate (denticulate) ligament

108
Q

What is the unique feature of veins along the spinal canal?

A

They lack the bicuspid valve of typical veins

Spinal Anatomy (27 decks)

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