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Head and Neck > General Organisation of the Head and Neck. > Flashcards

General Organisation of the Head and Neck. Flashcards

1
Q

Which Nerve is the Muscles of Facial Expression Innervated by?

A

Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII).

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2
Q

Which Nerve is the Muscles of Mastication Innervated by?

A

Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)- Mandibular Nerve.

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3
Q

What is the Nerve Innervation of Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A

Oculomotor Nerve.

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4
Q

What is the Action of Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

A

Elevates the superior eyelid.

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5
Q

What is the Action of Occipitofrontalis (Facial Nerve)?

A

Raises the eyebrows. Made up of frontal, occipital and cranial aponeurosis.

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6
Q

What is the Action of Orbicularis Oculi (Facial Nerve)?

A

Close eyelids, close eyelids tightly and drain tears.

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7
Q

What is the Action of Orbicularis Oris (Facial Nerve)?

A

Close lips.

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8
Q

What is the Action of Buccinator (Facial Nerve)?

A

Pull cheek inwards against teeth.

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9
Q

What is the Action of Platysma (Facial Nerve)?

A

Depress angle of mouth.

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10
Q

What is the Action of Dilator Muscles of the Lips (Facial Nerve)?

A

Open mouth.

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11
Q

Name the 4 Muscles of Mastication.

A
  1. Masseter.
  2. Temporalis.
  3. Medial Pterygoid.
  4. Lateral Pterygoid.
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12
Q

What is the Action of Masseter (Trigeminal Nerve)?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth (main).

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13
Q

What is the Action of Temporalis (Trigeminal Nerve)?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth.

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14
Q

What is the Action of the Medial Pterygoid (Trigeminal Nerve)?

A

Elevates the mandible, closing the mouth.

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15
Q

What is the Action of the Lateral Pterygoid (Trigeminal Nerve)?

A

Moves the jaw side to side, protract the mandible, help the suprahyoids to depress the mandible and open the mouth.

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16
Q

What is the Action of the Suprahyoids (Mandibular Nerve)?

A

Depress the mandible, opening the mouth.

17
Q

What is the Nerve Innervation of Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory Nerve.

18
Q

What is the Action of Sternocleidomastoid?

A

Flexing the head and neck.

19
Q

What is the Nerve Innervation of Trapezius?

A

Accessory Nerve.

20
Q

What is the Action of Trapezius?

A

Shrug the shoulders, retract the scapula and pull it inferior as well as elevating the scapula.

21
Q

Describe the Borders of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck.

A 
Superiorly: inferior mandible.
Laterally: anterior sternocleidomastoid.
Medially: sagittal midline of neck.
Roof: investing fascia.
Floor: visceral fascia.
22
Q

Describe the Contents of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck.

A
  1. Suprahyoid Muscles.
  2. Infrahyoid Muscles.
  3. Common Carotid Artery.
  4. Internal Jugular Vein.
  5. Facial Nerve (VII).
  6. Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IV).
  7. Vagus (X) Nerve.
  8. Accessory (XI) Nerve.
  9. Hypoglossal (XII) Nerve.
23
Q

Describe the Borders of the Carotid Triangle.

A

Superiorly: posterior belly of diagastric muscle.
Laterally: medial sternocleidomastoid.
Inferiorly: superior belly of omohyoid.

24
Q

Describe the Contents of the Carotid Triangle.

A

Found within the Anterior Triangle and thus contains some of the same contents:

  1. Common Carotid Artery.
  2. Internal Jugular Vein.
  3. Hypoglossal (XII) Nerve.
  4. Vagus (X) Nerve.
25
Q

Describe the Borders of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck.

A

Anteriorly: posterior sternocleidomastoid.
Posteriorly: anterior trapezius.
Inferiorly: middle 1/3 of clavicle.
Roof: investing fascia.
Floor: Prevertebral fascia and scalene muscles.

26
Q

Describe the Contents of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck.

A
  1. Omohyoid muscle.
  2. Scalene muscles.
  3. Splenius Capitis.
  4. Levator Scapulae.
  5. External Jugular Vein.
  6. Transverse Cervical, Subclavian and Suprascapular Veins.
  7. Transverse Cervical, Subclavian and Suprascapular Arteries.
  8. Accessory Nerve.
  9. Cervical Plexus (floor).
  10. Brachial Plexus.
27
Q

Describe the Investing Fascia Layer of the Neck.

A

Most superficial layer of deep fascia.
Surrounds the entire neck.
Superior margin- mandible, mated process, nuchal line and occipital protuberance.
Posteriorly: spinous process and ligaments nuchae.
Inferiorly: manubrium, clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula.
Encloses all neck structures and separates sternocleidomastoid, trapezius and submandibular and parotid salivary glands.
Forms the roof of the posterior and anterior triangles of the neck.

28
Q

Describe the Pretracheal Fascia Layer of the Neck.

A

Thin anterior and lateral area of neck. Attached to the hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly and inferiorly extends into thorax, blending with the fibrous pericardium. Thus when swallowing thyroid and larynx move up. Consists of a muscular layer enclosing infra hyoid muscles and visceral layer enclosing the thyroid, trachea and oesophagus. Posteriorly blends with the buccopharyngeal fascia.

29
Q

Describe the Buccopharyngeal Fascia Layer of the Neck.

A

Blended from the pretracheal fascia. It is associated with the pharynx and oesophagus. It runs from the base of the skull superiorly to the diaphragm inferiorly.

30
Q

Describe the Carotid Sheath.

A

Tubular, fibrous structure that extends from skull through the root of the neck to the arch of aorta. Within it is the Common Carotid Artery, Internal Jugular Vein, Cranial Nerve and the Vagus Nerve.

31
Q

Describe the Prevertebral Fascia Layer of the Neck.

A

Sheath for the vertebral column and muscles. From the base of the cranium to the 3rd thoracic vertebra. Extends laterally as axillary sheath to surround axillary vessels and brachial plexus.
Forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck.

32
Q

Clinical Relevance of the Deep Cervical Fascia.

A

They form a natural cleavage plane to allow easy passage over. This makes it easier in surgery and also determines the direction of infection spread.

33
Q

Describe the Retropharyngeal Space.

A

Lies between the prevertebral layer of fascia and the buccopharyngeal fascia.
3-4 years the superior part has lymph nodes to drain the nose, oral cavity and upper pharynx.
Allows the pharynx to move freely on the vertebral column and expand during swallowing.
Infections can spread to the mediastinum (mediastinitis).

34
Q

What is the sign and symptoms of a Retropharyngeal Abscess?

A

Visible bulge, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, stridor, reluctance to move neck at high temperature.

Head and Neck (6 decks)

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