General Operations Knowledge

Question 1

Regulation*

Answer 1

monitoring and enforcement of rules

Question 2

Accreditation *

Answer 2

A volunteer process by which a non-government agency recognizes an organization that has achieved a set of standards.

Question 3

Certification

Answer 3

A volunteer process by which a non-government agency recognizes an individual that has achieved a set of educational requirements and standards.

Question 4

Licensure *

Answer 4

A mandatory process by which some states grant permission to an individual or an organization to engage in an occupation.

Question 5

RCF

Answer 5

Relative centrifugal force, per CLSI centrifuge blood for 10-15 minutes at 1000-1200g to separate cellular and liquid phases.

Question 6

RCF formula *

Answer 6

RCF = 1.118 8 10^-5 * radius * rpm^2

Question 7

National standards for temperature

Answer 7

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Question 8

Brightfield Microscopy

Answer 8

Most common light microscopy, Sample is illuminated from below and observed from above

Question 9

Darkfield Microscopy

Answer 9

Used to improve contrast for unstained transparent specimens.

Question 10

Electron Microscopy

Answer 10

Uses electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image

Question 11

Fluorescent Microscopy

Answer 11

Illuminates fluorescent molecules attached to the sample with high energy light causing them to emit light of a different lower frequency.

Question 12

Phase Contrast Microscopy

Answer 12

The objective creates an artificial phase difference in the light passing through a transparent specimen to show differences in the refractive index as a difference in contrast.

Question 13

Polarized Microscopy

Answer 13

Light from the bottom is transmitted through a thin section of specimen. Used for looking at crystals in urine.

Question 14

Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Answer 14

Used to create a 3D image by splitting beams of polarized light and recombining them into one.

Question 15

Iris Diaphragm *

Answer 15

A rotating disc under the stage, used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected onto the slide.

Question 16

Condenser lens *

Answer 16

Focuses the light onto the specimen. It can be moved up or down.

Question 17

English Units of Measurment

Answer 17

Inch, foot, pound, pint, quart

Question 18

Metric Units of Measurement

Answer 18

Meter, gram, liter

Question 19

International System of Units (SI)

Answer 19

Meter, Kilogram, second, Mole, kelvin, Ampere, candela

Question 20

SI system prefixes *

Answer 20

femto, pico, nano, micro, milli, centi, deci, deka, hecto, kilo, mega, giga

Question 21

Celcius formula *

Answer 21

Celcius = 5/9(F-32)

Question 22

Fahrenheit formula *

Answer 22

Fahrenheit = (9/5)C +32

Question 23

Kelvin formula *

Answer 23

Kelvin = C + 273

Question 24

What is the Ratio of 200/40?

Answer 24

5:1 ratio

Question 25

1:1 dilution

Answer 25

1 part serum + 0 part diluent

Question 26

1:4 dilution

Answer 26

1 part serum + 3 parts diluent

Question 27

1:10 serial dilution *

Answer 27

1. Neat
2. 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 1 (1/10)
3. 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 2 (1/100)
4. 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 3 (1/1000)

Question 28

Molarity = *

Answer 28

Moles/liter
1 mole = gram molecular weight

Question 29

Normality = *

Answer 29

Molarity * valence

Question 30

Molality = *

Answer 30

moles of solute / kg of solvent

Question 31

Hazardous Materials Regulations apply to: *

Answer 31

Any infectious material that the DOT (Department of Transportation) determines as capable of posing a risk to health, safety, and commerce when transported.

Question 32

Category A Substance *

Answer 32

Capable of causing Life threatening or fatal disease in healthy humans or animals when exposure occurs.

Question 33

Category B substance *

Answer 33

Not capable of causing Life threatening or fatal disease in healthy humans or animals. Includes infectious agents for diagnostic or research purposes.

Question 34

Exempt Human Specimens

Answer 34

Specimens which have low likelihood of containing infectious agents, dried blood spots, Category B specimens transported via private courier dedicated to this transport.

Question 35

Packaging hazardous substances for shipping Category B substances must include what 3 components? *

Answer 35

1. A leakproof primary container (tube)
2. Leakproof secondary container with absorbent materials
3. Rigid outer packaging at least 10x10cm in size

Question 36

UN 2814 *

Answer 36

Category A infectious substance affecting humans

Question 37

UN 2900 *

Answer 37

Category A infectious substance affecting animals

Question 38

UN 3373*

Answer 38

Category B substance, Label as BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE, CATEGORY B

Question 39

Concentrations of solutions

Answer 39

C1 V1 = C2 V2

Question 40

Reflex testing

Answer 40

Performing an additional test on a specimen after an abnormal result

Question 41

Specimen labeling

Answer 41

First and last name, unique number, date, time and initials of collector, and source. Labeling should occur in the presence of the patient.

Question 42

Primary blood cells

Answer 42

RBC’s (erythrocytes)
WBC’s (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 43

What are platelets?

Answer 43

small fragments of specialized cells that aid in clotting

Question 44

Serum collection

Answer 44

No anticoagulants in the tube. Blood is allowed to clot and spun. Serum contains albumin and globulin

Question 45

Plasma collection

Answer 45

With anticoagulants, not clotted and then spun. Plasma contains albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen (the clotting component)

Question 46

Light blue citrate tubes

Answer 46

Coagulation studies

Question 47

Red top, no anticoagulant

Answer 47

Serum tests

Question 48

Green top heparin tubes

Answer 48

Chemistry studies, Potassium, BMP, CMP, metabolic panels, cholesterol, triglyceride

Question 49

Lavender top tube

Answer 49

Hematology studies, CBC, platelet count, hematocrits