General Operations Knowledge Flashcards
Regulation*
monitoring and enforcement of rules
Accreditation *
A volunteer process by which a non-government agency recognizes an organization that has achieved a set of standards.
Certification
A volunteer process by which a non-government agency recognizes an individual that has achieved a set of educational requirements and standards.
Licensure *
A mandatory process by which some states grant permission to an individual or an organization to engage in an occupation.
RCF
Relative centrifugal force, per CLSI centrifuge blood for 10-15 minutes at 1000-1200g to separate cellular and liquid phases.
RCF formula *
RCF = 1.118 8 10^-5 * radius * rpm^2
National standards for temperature
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Brightfield Microscopy
Most common light microscopy, Sample is illuminated from below and observed from above
Darkfield Microscopy
Used to improve contrast for unstained transparent specimens.
Electron Microscopy
Uses electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image
Fluorescent Microscopy
Illuminates fluorescent molecules attached to the sample with high energy light causing them to emit light of a different lower frequency.
Phase Contrast Microscopy
The objective creates an artificial phase difference in the light passing through a transparent specimen to show differences in the refractive index as a difference in contrast.
Polarized Microscopy
Light from the bottom is transmitted through a thin section of specimen. Used for looking at crystals in urine.
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
Used to create a 3D image by splitting beams of polarized light and recombining them into one.
Iris Diaphragm *
A rotating disc under the stage, used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected onto the slide.
Condenser lens *
Focuses the light onto the specimen. It can be moved up or down.
English Units of Measurment
Inch, foot, pound, pint, quart
Metric Units of Measurement
Meter, gram, liter
International System of Units (SI)
Meter, Kilogram, second, Mole, kelvin, Ampere, candela
SI system prefixes *
femto, pico, nano, micro, milli, centi, deci, deka, hecto, kilo, mega, giga
Celcius formula *
Celcius = 5/9(F-32)
Fahrenheit formula *
Fahrenheit = (9/5)C +32
Kelvin formula *
Kelvin = C + 273
What is the Ratio of 200/40?
5:1 ratio
1:1 dilution
1 part serum + 0 part diluent
1:4 dilution
1 part serum + 3 parts diluent
1:10 serial dilution *
- Neat
- 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 1 (1/10)
- 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 2 (1/100)
- 9 parts diluent to 1 part tube 3 (1/1000)
Molarity = *
Moles/liter
1 mole = gram molecular weight
Normality = *
Molarity * valence
Molality = *
moles of solute / kg of solvent
Hazardous Materials Regulations apply to: *
Any infectious material that the DOT (Department of Transportation) determines as capable of posing a risk to health, safety, and commerce when transported.
Category A Substance *
Capable of causing Life threatening or fatal disease in healthy humans or animals when exposure occurs.
Category B substance *
Not capable of causing Life threatening or fatal disease in healthy humans or animals. Includes infectious agents for diagnostic or research purposes.
Exempt Human Specimens
Specimens which have low likelihood of containing infectious agents, dried blood spots, Category B specimens transported via private courier dedicated to this transport.
Packaging hazardous substances for shipping Category B substances must include what 3 components? *
- A leakproof primary container (tube)
- Leakproof secondary container with absorbent materials
- Rigid outer packaging at least 10x10cm in size
UN 2814 *
Category A infectious substance affecting humans
UN 2900 *
Category A infectious substance affecting animals
UN 3373*
Category B substance, Label as BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE, CATEGORY B
Concentrations of solutions
C1 V1 = C2 V2
Reflex testing
Performing an additional test on a specimen after an abnormal result
Specimen labeling
First and last name, unique number, date, time and initials of collector, and source. Labeling should occur in the presence of the patient.
Primary blood cells
RBC’s (erythrocytes)
WBC’s (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
What are platelets?
small fragments of specialized cells that aid in clotting
Serum collection
No anticoagulants in the tube. Blood is allowed to clot and spun. Serum contains albumin and globulin
Plasma collection
With anticoagulants, not clotted and then spun. Plasma contains albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen (the clotting component)
Light blue citrate tubes
Coagulation studies
Red top, no anticoagulant
Serum tests
Green top heparin tubes
Chemistry studies, Potassium, BMP, CMP, metabolic panels, cholesterol, triglyceride
Lavender top tube
Hematology studies, CBC, platelet count, hematocrits
