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Y6 Derm + Onco + Haem > General Oncology > Flashcards

General Oncology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the top 5 most common causes of cancer in the UK

A
  1. Breast
  2. Lung
  3. Colorectal
  4. Prostate
  5. Bladder
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2
Q

What are the top 5 most common causes of cancer death in the UK

A
  1. Lung
  2. Colorectal
  3. Breast
  4. Prostate
  5. Pancreas
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3
Q

What are the most common causes of bone metastases

A

Prostate
Breast
Lung

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4
Q

Where are the most likely areas to find bone mets

A

Spine
Pelvis
Ribs
Skull
Long bones

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5
Q

What cancer is associated with aflatoxin (aspergillus)

A

Liver - HCC

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6
Q

What cancer is associated with aniline dyes

A

Bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)

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7
Q

What cancer is associated with asbestos

A

Mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma

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8
Q

What cancer is associated with nitrosamines

A

Oesophageal and gastric cancer

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9
Q

What cancer is associated with vinyl chloride

A

Hepatic angiosarcoma

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10
Q

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide

A

haemorrhagic cystitis: incidence reduced by the use of hydration and mesna
myelosuppression
transitional cell carcinoma

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11
Q

Side effects of common chemotherapy agents

A

Bleomycin: lung fibrosis

Cyclophosphamide: haemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression, transitional cell carcinoma

Cisplatin/ciclosporin: ototoxic, nephrotoxic

Methrotrexate: myelosuppression, pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, mucositis

5-FU: myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

6-MP: myelosuppression

Vincristine: peripheral neuropathy

Doxorubicin: cardiomyopathy

Docetaxel: neutropenia

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12
Q

What are the features of Li-Fraumeni syndrome

A

AutDOM
Mutations to p53 tumour suppressor
Sarcoma and leukaemia

*Individual develops sarcoma under 45 years
*First degree relative diagnosed with any cancer below age 45 years and another family member develops malignancy under 45 years or sarcoma at any age

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13
Q

Features of BRCA1/2 mutations

A

60% breast cancer risk
Ovarian cancer
Prostate cancer

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14
Q

What are the features of lynch syndrome

A

AutDOM
colonic cancer and endometrial cancer
Identify those at high risk using the Amsterdam criteria

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15
Q

What are the features of Gardners syndrome

A

AutDOM familial colorectal polyposis
Colonic polyps
Skull osteoma
Thyroid cancer
Epidermoid cysts
Desmoid tumours

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16
Q

What are the common tumour markers

A

Antibodies
CA 19-9: pancreatic
Ca-125: ovarian
Ca 15-3: breast cancer

Antigens
PSA: prostate
AFP: HCC/teratoma
CEA: bowel
S-100: melanoma, schwannoma
Bombesin: SCLC, gastric, neuroblastoma

Y6 Derm + Onco + Haem (49 decks)

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