GENERAL METHODS Flashcards
Dissolves many hydrophilic and lipophilic components
Acetone
Has higher amounts of polyphenols as compared to aqueous extracts
Alcohol
Terpenoid lactones have been obtained by successive extractions of dried barks with hexane
Chloroform
is commonly used selectively for the extraction of coumarins and fatty acids
Ether
Separation of medicinally active portions of the crude drugs
Maceration
Continuous flow of the solvent through the bed of the crude drug material to get the extract.
Percolation
Continuous extraction in which the same solvent can be circulated through the extractor for several times.
Soxhlet method
These are the extracts which are medicinal preparations intended to be used immediately after preparation or to be preserved for use.
Method: Decoction, Infusion, digestion
Aqueous extracts
A combination of water and alcohol in extracting plant constituents
Method: Tinctures
Hydroalcoholic extracts
mostly used for the separation of essential oil components.
Fractional distillation
+ are groups of the compounds having the tendency of precipitation come out of the solution.
+ Example active ingredient isolated:
Alkaloids, Phenols, Organic acids, Morphine
Fractional liberation
from solid state to gaseous state directly without passing through a phase of liquid.
Sublimation
based on adsorption principle
Chromatography
The isolated and purified plant constituents should be identified and its chemical nature should be determined.
Spectroscopy
