General Manifestations of Respiratory Disease Flashcards
Sneezing is a
Reflex response to irritation in the upper respiratory tract
What does sneezing assist in?
It assists in the removal of irritants
What is sneezing associated with? (2)
- Inflammation
2. Foreign material
Coughing is caused by? (3)
- Irritation due to nasal discharge
- Inflammation or foreign material in lower respiratory tract
- Inhaled irritants
Yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is an indication of __
Bacterial infection
Rusty or dark colored sputum is usually a sign of __
pneumococcal pneumonia
Very large amounts of purulent sputum that has a foul odor may be associated with ___
Bronchiectasis
Thick, tenacious mucus could be associated with two chronic diseases. They are
Asthma and cystic fibrosis
Thick, tenacious, blood tinged sputum may result from
chronic cough or be a sign of a tumor or TB
Hemoptysis is
Blood tinged (bright red), frothy sputum, usually associated with pulmonary edema
Define eupnea
normal, unlabored breathing
Define Kussmaul respirations
What are they typical of?
What may they follow?
Deep rapid respirations
Typical of acidosis
May follow strenuous exercise
Labored respiration or prolonged inspiration or expiration is often associated with
Airway obstruction
Wheezing or whistling sounds indicate
obstruction in small airways
Stridor sounds like __
Usually indicated __
high pitched crowing noise
upper airway obstruction
Rales sound like
What type of secretions accompany rales?
Light bubbly or crackling sounds
Associated with Serous secretions
Rhonchi sound like
What type of mucous accompany rhonchi?
Deeper or harsher sounds
Accompanied by thicker mucous
Absence of breath sounds indicates
nonaeration or collapse of lungs
Define dyspnea
labored breathing
How does the patient feel if they have dyspnea?
They have a subjective feeling of discomfort
What could dyspnea be caused by?
An increase of CO2 or hypoxemia
When is dyspnea usually noted?
On exertion (i.e. exercise, climbing the stairs)
Severe dyspnea is indicative of
Respiratory distress
What does the body do during severe dyspnea (3) ?
- Flaring of nostrils
- Use of accessory respiratory muscles
- Retraction of muscles between or above ribs
Orthopnea is
shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat
What is orthopnea usually caused by?
Pulmonary congestion
Is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea acute or insidious?
It is an acute type of dyspnea
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea is common with patients who have __-sided CHF.
Left
Cyanosis is
Bluish coloring
What is cyanosis caused by
Large amounts of un-oxygenated hemoglobin in blood
Pleural pain results from
Inflammation or infection of parietal pleura
Friction rub is
A soft sound produced as rough, inflamed, or scarred pleural move against each other
Clubbed digits result from
Chronic hypoxia associated with respiratory or cardiovascular diseases
What are clubbed digits?
Painless, firm, fibrotic enlargements at the end of the digit.
Hypoxemia is
An inadequate oxygen in blood
Hypercapnea is
An increased CO2 in blood
