General/Local Anesthetics Flashcards
What is monitored anesthesia care?
Midazolam followed by titrated propofol infusion
Provides anxiolysis, amnesia, and mild sedation
What is conscious sedation?
Benzos, opioid analgesics
What reverses benzos?
Flumazenil
What reverses opioid analgesics?
Nalaxone
What causes deep sedation?
Propofol and midazolam
Low blood solubility = ____ onset
Fast
Low blood solubility drugs
NO, desflurane
High blood solubility drugs
Halothane
High MAC% = ____ onset
Fast
Low blood:gas coefficient = ___ onset
Fast
Anesthesia potency is described by MAC, required to prevent response to surgical incision
response to surgical stimulation in 50% of subjects
All inhaled anesthetics can _____ right arterial pressure in dose-related manner, caused by depressed myocardial function
increase
Inhaled anesthetics
Desflurane Enflurane Halothan Isoflurane NO Sevoflurane
Enflurane side effect
Renal toxicity
Halothane side effect
hepatitis
Sevoflurane side effect
Renal toxicity
IV anesthetics
Diazepam Etomidate Fentanyl Ketamine Midazolam Propofol
Etomidate side effect
Decreases steroidogenesis, adrenocortical suppression via inhibiting 11B-hydroxylase
Fentanyl
Balanced anesthesia and conscious sedation
Ketamine side effect
Psychotic hallucinations, HTN, tachy
Midazolam reversed by
Flumazenil
Propofol
Causes hypotension and anti-emetic effects
Propofol MOA
Targets GABA-A receptor and potentiates Cl- current
Decreases blood pressure
What is an ester local AE?
Procaine
What is an amide local AE?
Lidocaine
Benzocaine
surface use only
Derm conditions, hemorrhoids, premature ejaculation, lube
Bupivacaine
Cardiotoxic
Sensory block
Dibucaine
Used only as topical cream on skin
Lidocaine
CNS toxicity
Alternative to ester type anesthetic
Procaine
Slower onset, shorter duration of action
Used for infiltration anesthesia
Procaine metabolized by
Para-aminobenzoic acid
