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Wars of the Roses 1450-1499 > General Knowledge Questions > Flashcards

General Knowledge Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term patronage?

A

Rewards (jobs/money/influence/titles/protection) from Lords in exchange for support and call to arms.

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2
Q

People provided patronage were known as a Lords’s what?

A

Affinity.

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3
Q

When did Henry VI come to the throne?

A

September 1422 (aged 9 months).

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4
Q

What were the three main clauses of the the Treaty of Tours?

A
  1. Peace with France (for atleast two years).
  2. Henry VI’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou.
  3. Cedement of Maine to France.
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5
Q

Which assault broke the Treaty of Tours? (Date/Location)

A

Fourgeres 1449.

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6
Q

When did the murder of the Duke of Suffolk take place?

A

2nd May 1450.

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7
Q

Why was Jack Cade’s use of the name Mortimer significant?

A

Mortimer was Richard, Duke of York’s mother’s name.

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8
Q

How many rebels marched on London during Cade’s Rebellion?

A

Approximately 46000.

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9
Q

What were the names of the two men executed by Cade’s rebels in London.

A

Lord Saye and Sir William Cromer (Sheriff of Kent).

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10
Q

Who did the rebels call on to come and solve the problems in the government?

A

Richard, Duke of York.

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11
Q

Which two sons of Edward III was Richard, Duke of York descended from?

A
  1. Lionel, Duke of Clarence (Mortimer line).
  2. Edmund, Duke of York.
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12
Q

Why was Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, not Henry VI’s heir?

A

He was descended through the illegitimate line of John of Gaunt.

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13
Q

Why did Richard, Duke of York return from Ireland in 1450? (5)

A
  1. To clear his name.
  2. To demand repayment of his loans.
  3. To protect his position.
  4. To remove Somerset.
  5. To restore justice by ending corruption.
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14
Q

Who was imprisoned in May 1451 for seeking recognition of Richard, Duke of York as Henry VI’s heir?

A

Thomas Young.

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15
Q

When did York attempt a coup at Dartmouth?

A

February 1452.

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16
Q

When and why was Richard, Duke of York appointed Lord Protector for the first time?

A

March 1454.
Following Chancellor Kemp’s death, the government needed to appoint a regent so it could cope during Henry’s incacipitation.

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17
Q

Who did Richard, Duke of York place in the Tower of London during his first protectorate.

A

Edmund, Duke of Somerset.

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18
Q

When did the First Battle of St Albans take place?

A

22nd May 1455.

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19
Q

Which leading Lancastrians were killed at St Albans? (3)

A
  1. Somerset.
  2. Northumberland.
  3. Clifford.
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20
Q

When and why was York dismissed from his role as Protector during his second Protectorate?

A

25th February 1456.
York had tried to limit the size and control of the royal household which was met with great opposition from Margaret of Anjou and the House of Lords.

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21
Q

Which Battle ended the uneasy peace 1455-1459?

A

The Battle of Blore Heath (23rd September).

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22
Q

When did the Parliament of Devils take place?

A

November 1459.

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23
Q

What decision was made at the Parliament of Devils and why was it so shocking?

A

Margaret of Anjou called for Yorkist heirs to be disinherited, the nobility collectively agreed that this was far too extreme of a punishment.

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24
Q

What were the 3 main terms of the Act of Accord (October 1460)?

A
  1. Henry VI would remain King until his death.
  2. Richard, Duke of York would govern England as Lord Protector.
  3. Henry VI’s son, Edward, Prince of Wales, would be disinherited passing the line of succession to York and his children.
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25
Q

Which three individuals were killed shortly after the Battle of Wakefield in December 1460?

A
  1. Richard, Duke of York.
  2. Edmund, Earl of Rutland (York’s son).
  3. Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury.
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26
Q

What symbolic event took place at the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross?

A

A parhelion - 3 suns in the sky.

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27
Q

Why did the Lancastrian army gain a poor reputation after the Battle of Wakefield?

A

Queen Margaret allowed/was unable to stop her troops to pillage villages as they moved south.

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28
Q

Which Battle occured on 28th March 1461 and who won?

A

The Yorkists led by Warwick.

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29
Q

Why did victory at Towton not end potential for future conflicts? (2)

A
  1. Henry VI, Margaret and Edward all still alive after having escaped to Scotland.
  2. The Lancastrians still had many North-Eastern supporters.
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30
Q

When did Edward IV’s coronation take place?

A

28th June 1461.

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31
Q

When was the Treaty of Chinon agreed?

A

June 1462.

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32
Q

What was Edward IV’s policy to win Lancastrian support?

A

Reconciliation.

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33
Q

When did reconciliation fail? (3)

A
  1. Edward returned Dunstaburgh Castle to Ralph Percy, who then handed the castle over tp Henry VI in October 1462.
  2. Percy was forgiven for this but then fought against Edward at Hedgeley Moor in April 1464.
  3. Henry Beaufort was welcomed at court, yet fled back to Lancastrian support in the North.
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34
Q

Which two battles were fought and won by the Yorkists in 1464?

A

Hedgeley Moor (april).
Hexham (May).

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35
Q

Who had Warwick been arranging for Edward IV to marry?

A

Princess Bona of Savoy (sister-in-law to the French King).

36
Q

When did Edward IV marry Elizabeth Woodville?

A

May 1464.

37
Q

When was Henry VI captured and imprisoned by Edward IV?

A

July 1465.

38
Q

Who did Edward IV dismiss as chancellor in 1467?

A

Archbishop George Neville.

39
Q

Who revolted against the heavy lordship of Earl Rivers in 1468?

A

The commons of Kent.

40
Q

Who’s marriage confirmed Edward IV’s alliance with Burgundy in 1468?

A

Margaret of York (Edward’s sister) to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.

41
Q

Which marriage proposal did Edward IV reject from the Earl of Warwick?

A

Warwick’s daughter Isabel Neville to George, Duke of Clarence.
Warwick’s younger daughter Anne Neville to Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

42
Q

Which rebellion takes place in June 1469?

A

The Robin of Redesdale Rebellion.

43
Q

Who puts down the Robin of Redesdale Rebellion?

A

John Neville, Marquis of Montagu.

44
Q

What rumour did Warwick and Clarence spread about Edward IV?

A

Edward was not the son of Richard, Duke of York.

45
Q

Which battle did Warwick defeat Edward IV and execute Elizabeth Woodville’s father and mother?

A

Edgecote 26th July 1469.

46
Q

When were Clarence and Warwick declared traitors after which battle?

A

Losecoat Field 24th March 1470.

47
Q

Which two parties agreed to the treaty of Angers in July 1470?

A

Margaret of Anjou and Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.

48
Q

Which French King arranged the Treaty of Angers?

A

Louis XI.

49
Q

On which date was Henry VI put back on the throne during the readeption?

A

3rd October 1470.

50
Q

When did the Battle of Barnett take place and which two key nobles were killed?

A

14th April 1471.
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
Lord Montagu.

51
Q

When and where was Edward IV’s first som born?

A

November 1470 in Sanctuary at Westminister Abbey.

52
Q

Who was appointed as Great Chamberlain of England in May 1472 replacing Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

A

George, Duke of Clarence.

53
Q

Which noble continued to rebel against Edward IV until he was finally captured and imprisoned in 1474 near Calais?

A

John de Vere, Earl of Oxford.

54
Q

Who’s ideas influenced Edward IV’s financial policies.

A

John Fortescue.

55
Q

Who did Edward IV make the Treaty of Urtecht with in February 1474 to improve trade?

A

The Hanseatic League.

56
Q

What treaty was agreed on 29th August 1475 between Edward IV and Louis XI?

A

The Treaty of Picquigny.

57
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Picquigny? (4)

A
  1. Seven year truce with France.
  2. Financial settlement of 75,000 crowns from Louis XI.
  3. Yearly pension of 50,000 crowns paid to Edward IV.
  4. Betrothal of Dauphin to Elizabeth, Edward IV’s eldest daughter.
58
Q

What was the name of the servant of George, Duke of Clarence accused of sorcery?

A

Thomas Burdet.

59
Q

Who was forced to give up control of their welsh lands in 1479?

A

William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.

60
Q

When did Edward IV die?

A

9th April 1483.

61
Q

Who does Edward IV allegedly say should be Protector of England until his son comes of age?

A

His brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

62
Q

On what date does Richard, Duke of Gloucester, arrest Antony Woodville?

A

30th April 1483.

63
Q

Which source claims Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was acting under orders from William, Lord Hastings?

A

Dominic Mancini.

64
Q

On what date is the illegitimacy of the two princes, Edward V and Richard, Duke of York proclaimed?

A

22nd June 1483.

65
Q

Who had the Duke of Buckingham been forced to marry as a child?

A

Katherine Woodville, sister of Elizabeth Woodville.

66
Q

When were the princes in the tower last seen alive?

A

July 1483.

67
Q

How did the Duke of Buckingham make contact with Margaret Beaufort (mother of Henry Tudor)?

A

Through his prisoner, John Morton.

68
Q

On what date was the Duke of Buckingham executed?

A

2nd November 1483.

69
Q

Who were Richard III’s closest advisors following Buckingham’s execution? (3)

A
  1. Sir William Catesby.
  2. Sir Richard Ratcliffe.
  3. Francis, Lord Lovell.
70
Q

Who did Richard III name as his heir following the death of his son?

A

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln.

71
Q

Which son of Edward III was Henry Tudor descended from?

A

John of Gaunt.

72
Q

How was Henry Tudor related to Henry VI?

A

His father, Edmund Tudor was the son of Catherine of Valois from her second marriage, making him Henry VI’s nephew.

73
Q

Who did Margaret Beaufort marry in 1472?

A

Thomas Stanley.

74
Q

Which two Welsh land owners provided soldiers to Henry Tudor on his march to Bosworth?

A

Rhys ap Thomas and William ap Gruffudd.

75
Q

How far did Henry Tudor’s army have to march before reaching Bosworth?

A

240km.

76
Q

Which noble was present at the Battle of Bosworth but did not take part in the fighting?

A

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland.

77
Q

On which date does Henry VII date the beginning of his reign?

A

21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth.

78
Q

Which of Richard III’s followers executed immediately after the Battle of Bosworth?

A

Sir William Catesby.

79
Q

On which date does Henry VII issue a pardon for all those who fought for Richard III and didn’t flee during the Battle of Bosworth.

A

11th October 1485.

80
Q

Who does Henry VII marry on 18th January 1486?

A

Elizabeth of York, Edward IV’s eldest daughter.

81
Q

Which two nobles revolted against Henry VII in the spring of 1486?

A

Francis, Lord Lovell and Sir Humphrey Stafford.

82
Q

Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?

A

Edward, Earl of Warwick, the son of George, Duke of Clarence.

83
Q

Who first made the claim that Lambert Simnel was a descendant to the throne?

A

His tutor, Richard Symonds.

84
Q

Which battle took place on 16th June 1487?

A

The Battle of Stoke.

85
Q

On which date was Elizabeth of York crowned Queen?

A

15th November 1487.

86
Q
A

Wars of the Roses 1450-1499 (10 decks)

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