General Knowledge- (Part Two) Flashcards
1
Q
Over direction is a cutting technique that may be used in:
A) a layered cut
B) in a graduated cut
C) a length increase moving towards the front
D) all of the above
A
Correct D) all of the above
2
Q
In hair-cutting, horizontal lines are generally used to / for / with :
A
To create weight
3
Q
In blow-drying and wet-setting, the use of over direction will create:
A
Maximum volume
4
Q
This type of guideline is used in blunt cutting / to create a gradual increase in length :
A
Stationary
5
Q
Whether the layers are different lengths or uniform, this type of guideline is used primarily when creating layered/graduated designs:
A
Traveling
6
Q
Checking the hair in the opposite direction from that which it was cut :
A
Cross checking
7
Q
The main ingredient in most permanent wave neutralizers is:
A
Hydrogen peroxide
8
Q
Hydrogen peroxide is :
A
Acid
9
Q
The neutralizer for a permanent wave or a chemical hair relaxer is :
A
Acid
10
Q
When cutting diagonal lines (movement), the most common cutting position is :
A
Palm up
11
Q
In cutting very straight hair, what degree of tension is recommended?
A
Maximum tension
12
Q
The effect of effleurage movements would be:
A
Relaxing
13
Q
A medium pressure, kneading or rolling motion is called :
A
Petrissage
14
Q
A light, tapping movement, applied with either the hand or the finger tip is called :
A
Tapotement
15
Q
Anhidrosis:
A
Inability to sweat
16
Q
A tapping motion applied with the fingertips moving quickly across the face:
A
Tapotement
17
Q
A stimulating, brisk shaking movement, done with the fingertips is called :
A
Vibration
18
Q
Approximately 12% of sunlight is compromised of:
A
Visible light
19
Q
Approximately 80% of sunlight is comprised of :
A
Infra red
20
Q
With both chemical and germicidal effects, white and blue lights are considered :
A
Penetrating
21
Q
A sudden elevation or increase in the amount of sweat produced is referred to as :
A
hyperhidrosis
22
Q
Excessively foul smelling sweat is called :
A
Bromhidrosis
23
Q
Bromhidrosis:
A
Foul smelling sweat
24
Q
The technical name for skin is :
A
Derma
25
The fatty layer of the skin that creates softness and suppleness, is called :
Subcutaneous / adipose
26
The thinnest skin is found on the :
Eyelids
27
A congenital defect wherein the skin is unable to produce melanin is referred to as :
Albinism
28
Hypo(low)-pigmentation of the skin, caused by a decrease in melanocyte activity :
Leucoderma
29
What is the largest organ of the body ?
Dermis
30
Sebaceous glands are also known as :
Oil glands
31
Sudoriferous glands are also known as :
Sweat glands
32
Irregular shaped patches of skin depigmentation (typically on hands, face, and neck) :
Vitiligo
33
The sebaceous glands produce :
Oil
34
The sudoriferous glands produce :
Sweat
35
The sudoriferous glands function to :
Regulate temperature
36
Another name for a birthmark is :
Nevus flameus
37
An overactive sebaceous gland would produce :
Oily skin
38
The technical name for blackhead is :
Comedone
39
Milia are more commonly referred to as :
Whiteheads
40
A congenital defect such as albinism, is one that :
You are born with
41
A small, pus filled abscess is referred to as a :
Boil
42
The technical name for a “boil” is a :
Carbuncle
43
For a waxing procedure to be most successful, the hair should be how long :
1/4 - 1/2 inch
44
Leukoderma refers to :
White patches on the skin
45
Often referred to as the “adams apple”, the actual name for this bone is :
Hyoid
46
The name for the protein making up your skin, hair, and nails :
Keratin
47
An area of thickened skin :
Callus / keratoma
48
A group of brownish spots, without elevation, occurring in one spot is called:
Chloasma
49
Patchy brown skin discoloration, often the result of hormonal changes/pregnancy:
Chloasma
50
A swollen lesion usually lasting only a few hours, often caused by an insect bite:
Wheal
51
This is a contagious, pus filled abscess, generally caused by a bacterial infection:
Carbuncle
52
A comedone extractor would be used to treat :
Blackheads
53
This is a temporary hair removal technique producing results similar to waxing :
Sugaring
54
The only permanent hair removal technique :
Electrolysis
55
What type of test should be conducted prior to any waxing or exfoliation procedure ?
Predisposition test
56
If the dermatologist says you have verrucas, you have :
Warts
57
Pityriasis capitis, can result from extreme changes in temperature, as a contact reaction to certain skin and hair care products, or as an allergic reaction to foods, it can be oily or dry - and is commonly known as :
Dandruff
58
Dandruff, can result from extreme changes in temperature, as a contact reaction to certain skin and hair care products, or as an allergic reaction to foods, it can be oily or dry - and Goes by the Latin / medical name of :
Pityriasis Capitis
59
The epidermis is the :
Top or outermost layer of the skin
60
The study of the microscopic anatomy of plant and animal cells, including their structure and function is known as :
Histology
61
Responsible for maintaining the bodies internal temperature :
Sudoriferous glands
62
The integumentary system refers to :
The skin, it’s appendages, and accessory organs
63
Serve to waterproof, cushion, excrete waste, and regulate the bodies temperature :
The sebaceous & sudoriferous glands
64
Exfoliating creams usually have a pH in what range ?
Alkaline
65
The pH range of human skin is between :
4.5 - 5.5
66
All exfoliation techniques (manual,mechanical,chemical) do essentially the same thing :
Remove skin tissue
67
Which governmental agency regulates cosmetics in the United States ?
FDA
68
Which agency regulates & approves the efficacy of products used for infection control :
EPA
69
Which governmental agency enforces health & safety standards in the workplace ?
OSHA
70
What agency is responsible for approval of disinfectant solutions ?
Environmental protection agency
71
The function of the medulla is :
Has no known function
72
If the papilla of the hair is destroyed, what will happen :
Hair will never grow again
73
How far can wet hair be safely stretched without causing damage or breakage ?
40-50%
74
How far can dry hair be safely stretched without causing damage or breakage ?
20%
75
The term for baldness is :
Alopecia
76
The term for baldness in patches, usually the result of illness or injury :
Alopecia areata
77
All permanent chemical changes to the hair occur in the :
Cortex
78
To cause a permanent change in the hair, a product must reach what layer ?
The cortex
79
Which of the following terms refers to the hairs “elasticity “
Tensile
80
Amphoretic means that a product may react :
As an acid or an alkaline
81
Because hair may react as either an acid or a base, it is considered to be:
Amphoteric
82
The growth pattern in hair is determined in the :
Follicle
83
The term for baldness / hair loss which occurs over the entire body :
Alopecia universalis
84
The study of the hair is called :
Tricology
85
The amount of moisture the cuticle can absorb is referred to as :
Porosity
86
Which of the following terms refers to the hairs “strength” :
Tensile
87
Porosity refers to :
The amount of moisture the hair can absorb
88
To what does the term “tensile” refer :
Elasticity / strength
89
Leukocytes are?
White blood cells
90
The term “barba” refers to :
The hair of the beard
91
What is the Latin / technical name for a beard ?
Barba
92
Capilli refers to :
Scalp hair
93
Hair of the scalp is referred to as :
Capilli
94
Any disease of the hair is called :
Trichosis
95
Ringworm of the scalp would be referred to as :
Tinea capitis
96
Ringworm or the feet is referred to as :
Tinea pedis & athletes foot
97
In a haircut, vertical lines will not :
Add weight
98
The structure located at the bottom of the follicle is known as :
Hair bulb
99
Portion of the hair follicle responsible for causing the hair to stand up (goosebumps) :
Arrector pilli
100
Lanugo hair does not have which of the following ?
A) oil gland
B) medulla
C) hair bulb
D) pigment
Correct B) medulla
101
This hair is pigmented, quite fine, and can often be found all over the body :
Lanugo hair
102
There are 3 layers / parts of the hair shaft , which is the inner layer / part ?
Medulla
103
There are 3 layers / parts of the hair shaft, which is the outer most layer / part ?
Cuticle
104
There are 3 layers / parts of the hair shaft, which is the middle layer / part ?
Cortex
105
Erythrocytes are?
Red blood cells
106
In which part / layer of the hair shaft, do all “chemical reactions” occur ?
Cortex
107
In which part / layer of the hair shaft, do all “permanent changes” occur ?
Cortex
108
Hair thickness can mean different things to different people, for state board, what refers to the actual number of hairs on a persons head :
Density
109
Which of the following terms refers to the actual size of the hairs on a persons head :
A) thickness
B) diameter
C) density
D) calibration
Correct A) thickness
110
Texture refers to :
Diameter
111
Which two layers of the hair shaft are responsible for the diameter of the hair shaft :
Medulla & cortex
112
If the medulla is absent from an individual’s hair, that person would have:
Lesser diameter
113
“Diameter” refers to the actual size of each hair, diameter can influence:
Hair texture
114
This hair is unpigmented, quite fine, and can often be found all over the body:
Vellus hair
115
This hair is thicker, more pigmented, and found on the scalp,face,and extremities :
Terminal
116
Although similar, lanugo hair is easily distinguished from vellus hair because:
Lanugo hair has pigment
117
What is the technical term for the eyelashes and eyebrows ?
Cilia & supercilia
118
How many hair follicles does the “average” person have on their head ?
100,000
119
This bone forms the back / rear most portion of the skull :
Occipital
120
What is the average rate of daily hair loss ?
50-75 hairs per day
121
Contraction of the arrector pilli muscle (anger,fear,cold) causes which of the following :
Elevation of the hair follicle
122
Soft, fine, broken hair, that may appear “beaded”:
Monilethrix
123
The approximate pH of an acid balanced permanent wave is :
4.5 - 7.9
124
The approximate pH of an acid permanent wave is :
4.5-6.5
125
In the salon industry, the word “tool” refers to :
A perm rod
126
Alkaline permanent waves should be wrapped :
Without tension
127
Acid permanent waves should be wrapped :
With firm even tension
128
A tiny cup-shaped pit buried within the fatty layer of the scalp :
Papilla
129
This is the lowest portion of the hair shaft that fits like a “cap” over the papilla :
Hair bulb
130
Projection of the dermis surrounded by a small “cap” like structure referred to as the :
Papilla
131
Which of the following is not true of the hair bulb :
A) it is the lowest part of the hair strand
B) it is a club shaped structure
C) determines shape of hair shaft
D) covers the dermal papilla
Correct C) determines shape of the hair shaft
132
This is found at the base (bottom) of the hair follicle :
Papilla
133
This muscle causes “goosebumps” whenever there is a sudden temperature change :
Arrector pilli
134
The primary growth stage of the hair :
Anagen
135
The “active” growth phase of the hair :
Anagen
136
The anagen, active, or primary phase of hair follicle growth is thought to last between :
2-6years
137
During the anagen/active/primary growth phase of the follicle, the hair grows :
1/2 inch per month
138
This stage / phase is often referred to as the transition phase :
Catagen
139
The catagen state / stage of hair growth is thought to last approximately how long ?
2-3 weeks
140
During this stage of hair growth, a “club hair” will be formed?
Catagen
141
The formation of this type of hair signals the end of the catagen stage of hair growth :
Club hair
142
Active and primary are terms associated with what stage of the hairs growth cycle :
Anagen
143
This phase in the life of a hair shaft is often referred to as the resting phase :
Telogen
144
The catagen stage signals the end of :
The active growing stage
145
The telogen stage of hair follicle growth lasts approximately how long :
3-6 months
146
What is typically the longest phase / stage / state in the hair follicle growth cycle :
Anagen
147
In the average person, what percent of hair is in the anagen stage at any given time ?
90%
148
In the average person, in what stage is most of the hair at any given point in time?
Anagen
149
The secondary stage, during which hair growth slows down :
Catagen
150
The telogen stage / phase is also known as the :
Resting / dormant stage
151
How much would you expect the hair of an average person to grow within 1 year ?
6 inches
152
Often referred to as the “resting phase / stage” of hair growth :
Telogen
153
You cut a clients hair in January, 6 months later they return requesting you cut the hair to the same length as in January; how many inches should you remove ?
3 inches
154
Shaving is an example of cutting or removing the hair at the level of the skin, what is this term used for this type of hair removal ?
Depilation
155
Short, fine, soft hair with pigment :
Lanugo
156
Short, fine, light colored/unpigmented hair, often observed on women and children :
Vellus
157
Extremely curly hair tends to grow :
Somewhat slower than the 1/2 inch Norm
158
Short hairs, 1 to 2 centimeters in length, containing little or no pigment :
Vellus
159
Canities is another name for :
Gray hair
160
This short, fine, pigmented hair is often observed on premature babies :
Lanugo
161
Normal wet hair can be stretched _______% of its length without damage or breakage :
40-50%
162
Normal dry hair can be stretched _______% of its length without damage or breakage :
20%
163
The hair follicle determines the hairs :
Shape, size, and direction of growth
164
Which croquignole curl (roller set / curling iron) creates the least movement in the hair ?
No stem / on base
165
Which of the following terms is not part of pin curl ?
A) base
B) strand
C) stem
D) arc
Correct B)strand
166
If the stylist is attempting to create finger waves and the comb does not penetrate to the scalp, to make certain the hair at the scalp is moving , the result will be :
A weak wave
167
The most important factor in achieving a strong finger wave is:
Be certain the hair at the scalp is moving
168
A hair set using alternating rows of pin-curls & finger waves is referred to as :
Skip waves
169
What is the effect of “on-base” or “no-stem” placement on the hair ?
More volume, less movement
170
Which type of placement creates the greatest degree of movement or softness ?
Full stem / off base
171
What base type is best used for barrel curls ?
Rectangular
172
Which type of placement creates the least degree of movement or softness ?
No stem / on base
173
What is the effect of “off-base” placement on the hair ?
Less volume
174
What is the effect of “half-off-base” placement on the hair ?
Medium volume
175
When a roller is placed half-off-base, it is done to achieve:
Medium volume
176
What is the best method to handle your shears if you stop cutting momentarily:
Palm them, closed, facing the stylist
177
A pin-curl is made up of which of the following :
A) stem, base, and ridge
B) stem, base, and circle
C) stem, base, and curl
D) stem, base, and closed end
Correct B) stem, base, and circle
178
A “no stem” pin curl, or an “on base” roller set, creates :
Tight, firm, long lasting curl
179
To create a tight, firm, long lasting curl, use :
No stem curls / on base curls
180
A no stem curl, would be the equivalent of a / an :
On base curl
181
Which of the following is not the most correct :
A) on base = no stem
B) half on base = half stem
C) off base = full stem
D) all of the above are correct
Correct D) all of the above are correct
182
To place your curl directly on base and produce a tight, long lasting curl, you would use:
Over direction
183
Which of the following would create the firmest curl with the strongest wave pattern :
A) no stem / on base
B) half stem / half off base
C) full stem / off base
D) skip wave
Correct A) no stem / on base
184
A pin curl will receive both its direction and mobility from its:
Stem
185
What would create a curl with the weakest / loosest wave pattern :
Full stem / off base
186
If the client seeks loose curls or waves with the greatest movement or mobility, use :
Off base or full stem curls
187
Which placement would create a strong curl pattern, with looseness in the final set :
A) no stem / on base
B) half stem / half off base
C) full stem / off base
D) skip wave
Correct B) half stem / half off base
188
When you have combinations of pin curls and finger waves, this pattern is referred to as :
Skip waves
189
If the stem direction is going towards the clients face, it is referred to as :
Forward movement
190
Oxidation occurs during which of the following periods :
A) processing
B) oxidative
C) neutralization
D) reduction
Correct C) neutralization
191
For maximum volume use :
On base, no stem
192
Stand up pin curls are often referred to as :
Barrel curls
193
In a roller set, the part of the hair/curl closest to the head is referred to as the :
Closed end
194
When doing a roller (wet) set, what should be the width of the partings :
Same size as the roller
195
In a wet set, which of the following placements would result in the least volume ?
A) 1/2 stem
B) off base
C) on base
D) full stem
Correct B) off base
196
In a pin curl set, what placement creates maximum volume ?
No stem
197
Which of the following takes longer to rinse from your clients hair :
A) ammonium thioglycolate perm
B) alkaline perm
C) acid based perm
D) acid perm
Correct D) acid perm
198
Which permanent wave will cause the least swelling / opening of the cuticle :
A) acid wave
B) cold wave
C) ammonium thioglycolate wave
D) acid balanced wave
Correct A) acid wave q
199
Triangular shaped bases in a pin curl set can be used to :
Avoid any splits in the dried style
200
Which of the following takes the least time to rinse from your clients hair ? :
A) ammonium thioglycolate perm
B) acid perm
C) acid balanced perm
D) both B and C
Correct A) ammonium thioglycolate perm
