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State Board Exam > General Knowledge - (Part One) > Flashcards

General Knowledge - (Part One) Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the growth and structure of nails is known as :

A

Onyxology

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2
Q

Etiology is the study of :

A

The cause of a disease

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3
Q

Often referred to as the cuticle, it overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail:

A

Eponychium

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4
Q

Infection at the nail base, usually with pus, untreated can cause loss of the nail:

A

Onychia

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5
Q

Onychophagy refers to:

A

Bitten nails

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6
Q

Onychia refers to a condition where:

A

Inflammation at the base of the nail with pus usually present

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7
Q

The technical term for bitten nails is:

A

Onychophagy

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8
Q

Tight shoes, or improper trimming of the toe nails, may result in:

A

Onychocryptosis/ingrown toe-nails

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9
Q

Onychocryptosis is a condition that may result from :

A

Excessively tight shoes

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10
Q

A nail product used to smooth out and fill in minor depressions in a clients nail is :

A

Ridge filler

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11
Q

The nail is composed of a substance known as :

A

Keratin

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12
Q

The area from the nail root to the free edge, contains no blood vessels/nerves:

A

Nail plate / Nail body

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13
Q

Portion of the nail assembly where the nail plate rests, contains blood vessels & nerves:

A

Nail bed

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14
Q

The point where the nail enters the skin at the nail base is referred to as the :

A

Eponychium

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15
Q

The tissue beneath the free edge of the nail is known as :

A

Hyponychium

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16
Q

Contains the blood, lymph, and nerves from which new nail cells are generated :

A

Nail matrix

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17
Q

This is the active tissue from which new nail cells are generated:

A

Nail matrix

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18
Q

The nail root and nail matrix are located in this cup / pocket like structure :

A

Nail mantle

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19
Q

Leuconychia is a condition that usually presents as :

A

White spots / streaks under the nails

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20
Q

The Latin / medical term for nails is :

A

Onyx

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21
Q

If a finger nail is lost / removed, approximately how long will it take to grow back ?

A

3 -6 months

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22
Q

If lost / removed, how long will it take to grow a new nail plate / nail body :

A

3-6 months

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23
Q

If a toe-nail is lost/removed, approximately how long will it take to grow back ?

A

9-18 months

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24
Q

If a technician causes bleeding to occur during a nail service, they should use :

A

Styptic powder / powdered alum

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25
Q

Once destroyed, which part of the nail will not grow again ?

A

Matrix

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26
Q

The adhesive coat for nail polish is the :

A

Base coat

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27
Q

Pumice powder is most commonly found in :

A

Cuticle cream

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28
Q

If bleeding occurs during a manicure / pedicure, use :

A

Antiseptic

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29
Q

Always file natural nails :

A

Corner to center

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30
Q

The technical term for a hang nail is:

A

Agnail

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31
Q

If artificial nails are lifting from the nail bed, this may cause :

A

Mold and infection

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32
Q

Cuticle creams will help to prevent :

A

Hang nails / agnails

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33
Q

Onychophagy may increase blood flow to the _________ and cause the nail to grow faster :

A

Nail matrix

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34
Q

This portion of the nail effects it’s shape, size, and rate of growth:

A

Matrix

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35
Q

A half-moon at the base of the nail is known as :

A

Lunula

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36
Q

Oil or moisture under a nail enhancement may cause :

A

Enhancements to lift / fall off

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37
Q

The largest bone in the arm is known as the :

A

Humerus

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38
Q

The correct order of application in polishing a clients nails would be :

A

Base coat, enamel, top coat

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39
Q

This bone is found in the forearm and on the same side as the little finger :

A

Ulna

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40
Q

This bone is found in the forearm and on the same side as the thumb :

A

Radius

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41
Q

When removing polish from artificial nails, use :

A

Non-acetone

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42
Q

When removing artificial nails or nail enhancements, use:

A

Acetone

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43
Q

Before performing any nail service, the nail yech should attempt to find out if the client :

A

Is diabetic

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44
Q

What is the best manner in which to treat agnails :

A

Hot oil manicures

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45
Q

When in use, how should manicuring / pedicuring implements be kept?

A

On a clean towel

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46
Q

When not in use, manicure / pedicure implements should be stored in a :

A

Closed container

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47
Q

These warts, caused by the HPV virus, are flat, hard, thick growths, usually occurring on the soles of the feet and sometimes look like a circle within a circle.

A

Plantar warts

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48
Q

Nail bleaches and lighteners usually contain :

A

Hydrogen peroxide

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49
Q

Thickened white skin and watery blisters between the toes are indications of :

A

Athletes foot / tinea pedis

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50
Q

Another name for athletes foot is :

A

Ringworm of the feet / tinea pedis

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51
Q

Watery blisters and thickened whitish skin between the toes, is known as :

A

Tinea pedis

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52
Q

If your client has brittle/dry nails or dry cuticles, what should you recommend?

A

Hot oil manicures

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53
Q

To avoid ingrown toe-nails (onychocryptosis), do not file or clip:

A

Into the corners of the nails

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54
Q

The instrument used for trimming the cuticle is a :

A

Nipper

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55
Q

A bacterial infection with pus at the nail matrix is known as :

A

Onychia

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56
Q

When giving a pedicure with a foot and leg massage, you should not massage over the:

A

Shin bone

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57
Q

For a natural effect, the shape of the finger nails should conform to the shape of the:

A

Clients fingers

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58
Q

Most nail techs consider the ideal nail shape is:

A

Oval

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59
Q

Onychophagy is the technical term for:

A

Bitten nails

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60
Q

When pushing back cuticles, how should the nail technician hold the pusher :

A

Angled with medium pressure

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61
Q

A semicircular fold of the skin overlapping the nail plate on either side:

A

Nail wall

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62
Q

To remove your clients acrylic nails, you should :

A

Use nippers to remove unwanted acrylic nail, then soak off remainder

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63
Q

Condition that describes a forward growth of the cuticle covering most of the nail plate/body:

A

Pterygium

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64
Q

Atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate, may be the result of injury or disease:

A

Onychatrophia

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65
Q

These are the tracks on both sides of the nail, through which it moves as it grows:

A

Grooves / tracks

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66
Q

This is the cuticle overlapping the lunula at the base of the nail :

A

Eponychium

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67
Q

This is the skin surrounding, touching, and overlapping the nail on 3 sides :

A

Perionychium

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68
Q

Nail shape recommended for individuals who work on computer keyboards :

A

Square

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69
Q

The field of medicine dealing specifically with the feet and related issues is :

A

Podiatry

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70
Q

Portion of the nail extending beyond the end of the finger/toes, and protecting the tips:

A

Free edge

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71
Q

Crescent shaped whitish area of the nail bed (not always visible):

A

Lunula

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72
Q

This skin surrounds, touches, and overlaps the nail:

A

Perionychium

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73
Q

The term used to indicate inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate / body :

A

Paronychia

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74
Q

The fold of skin at the sides of the nail :

A

Paronychium

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75
Q

The metacarpus / palm of the hand contains how many long & slender bones:

A

Five

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76
Q

The carpus / wrist contains how many bones :

A

Eight

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77
Q

The tissue beneath the distal end (free edge) of the nail and the finger or toe :

A

Hyponychium

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78
Q

Hyponychium refers to the:

A

Skin under the free edge

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79
Q

The technical term for a “hangnail” is :

A

Agnail

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80
Q

The skin beneath / under the free edge of the nail :

A

Hyponychium

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81
Q

An inflammation at the base of the nail :

A

Onychia

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82
Q

What is the primary purpose of a nail primer ?

A

To improve adhesion

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83
Q

What can a nail tech use to smooth out imperfections in a clients natural nails ?

A

Ridge filler

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84
Q

What is used to dry and harden gel nails:

A

An ultra-violet light

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85
Q

In the salon, nail techs often use styptic in this form to stop bleeding from minor cuts.

A

Powdered alum

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86
Q

What is the function of “primer” when applied during an artificial nail application?

A 
A) absorb oil & moisture 
B) allow for better bonding 
C) both A and B are correct 
D) none of the above 
CORRECT ANSWER IS D)
87
Q

The excessive heat often generated by electric nail sanders may harm the:

A

Nail plate

88
Q

A steel nail pusher should only be used:

A

On a moist nail

89
Q

What effect will acetone have on a sculptured, artificial, or gel nail?

A

Soften

90
Q

What is the function of a “dehydrator” when applied during an artificial nail application:

A

Absorb oil & moisture

91
Q

This is found at the base of the nail often overlapping the lunula :

A

Eponychium

92
Q

The Latin / medical / technical term for nails :

A

Onyx

93
Q

Very thin nails that are brittle and less flexible than usual are referred to as :

A

Eggshell nails

94
Q

Found at the nail base, may overlap the lunula and extend as far back as the first knuckle:

A

Eponychium

95
Q

This refers to the tissue that is found under the free edge of the nail:

A

Hyponychium

96
Q

This is a deep fold of skin within which the nail root & matrix are found:

A

Mantle

97
Q

Contains many nerves and blood vessels :

A

Nail bed

98
Q

Wavy nail ridges, often the result of uneven growth due to injury, are known as :

A

Corrugations

99
Q

Nail techs will shape/file the nail prior to soaking in the nail bath, this is done because:

A

Filing dry nails is easier & filing wet nails is harder

100
Q

If the nail matrix is destroyed, what will occur:

A

Nail will not grow again

101
Q

The nail matrix and the nail root are found here:

A

Nail mantle

102
Q

Functions as a barrier to stop bacteria / infection from getting to the nail matrix :

A

Eponychium

103
Q

The cuticle overlapping the lunula is referred to as the:

A

Eponychium

104
Q

All nourishment is supplied to the nail from the :

A

Nail root

105
Q

Before the nail tech applies artificial nail enhancements, the natural nail must be:

A

Buffed

106
Q

The improper use of nail nippers may result in :

A

Agnails

107
Q

Very dry cuticles may result in which of the following :

A

Agnail (hangnails)

108
Q

A bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail:

A

Paronychia

109
Q

The active ingredient in nail bleach is:

A

Hydrogen peroxide aka H202

110
Q

For the most natural look, the shape of the nail should conform to the shape of the:

A

Fingertips

111
Q

The pedicure process begins by:

A

Soaking the feet in a disinfectant foot bath

112
Q

When giving a manicure, the proper procedure for dealing with cuticles is:

A

Do not cut unless client insists

113
Q

In discussing a haircut, where is the perimeter located?

A

At the outer edges

114
Q

It is recommended that you cut extremely curly hair:

A

Dry cut before straightening

115
Q

It is recommended that you cut kinky curly hair:

A

Dry after straightening

116
Q

When cutting extremely curly hair, avoid what cutting implements?

A

Razors

117
Q

When cutting a “cowlick”, what tension should be used?

A

No tension

118
Q

When cutting hair with electric clippers, the hair should be:

A

Dry

119
Q

When cutting the hair with a razor, the hair should be :

A

Wet or damp

120
Q

The reason razor cutting requires damp hair is:

A

To avoid pulling the hair

121
Q

The principal reason for using thinning shears is:

A

Decrease bulk

122
Q

Tapering has many different names, which of the following is not a name for tapering:

A)blunt
B)graduation
C)shingling
D)fading

A

Correct A)blunt

123
Q

Layering means the hair lengths have been cut:

A

Graduated

124
Q

Which of the following would not be useful to thin out the hair:

A) thinning shears
B) shears
C) razor
D) clippers

A

Correct D) clippers

125
Q

Which of the following is not apart of your cutting shears ?

A) screw
B) finger brace
C) blade
D) prong

A

Correct d)prong

126
Q

On which part of your cutting shears does your little finger rest ?

A) screw
B) tang
C) blade
D) finger brace / guard

A

Correct D) finger brace / guard

127
Q

Which of the following can be achieved with the “shears over comb” technique?

A) texturizing
B) layering very close to the skin
C) height at the crown
D) long layers

A

Correct B) layering very close to the skin

128
Q

Type of haircut most suitable for a client with a large chin or prominent jaw line

A) asymmetrical
B) chin length bob
C) tapered back & sides with a full crown
D) shoulder length layers

A

Correct B) chin length bob

129
Q

In cutting very straight hair, what degree of tension is recommended?

A) medium tension
B) minimum tension
C) maximum tension
D) client comfort is the determining fact

A

Correct C) maximum tension

130
Q

A client has fine, dense hair, and wants it thinned out. How far from the head, should the stylist hold the razor, or thinning shears ?

A) 1/2 inch
B) 3/4 inch
C) 1 inch
D) 1 1/2 inches

A

A) 1/2 inch
B) 3/4 inch
C) 1 inch
D) 1 1/2 inches

Correct C) 1 inch

131
Q

Club cutting is a method of cutting hair:

A) with a razor
B) with “shears over comb”
C) blunt and straight across
D) a very tight & close taper at the neck

A

Correct C) blunt and straight across

132
Q

To create the appearance of height, cut the hair:

A) full at the nape and crown
B) close to the nape and crown
C) short in front, but longer in back
D) close at the nape and high in the crown

A

Correct D) close at the nape and high in the crown

133
Q

When trying to create more body in fine hair:

A) use the shears over comb method
B) give a blunt cut
C) cut using a razor
D) use graduated layers where possible

A

Correct B) give a blunt cut

134
Q

In razor cutting, the amount of hair removed in one razor stroke is dependent upon:

A) sharpness of the razor
B) angle of the razor
C) length of the hair
D) skill and agility of the stylist

A

Correct B) angle of the razor

135
Q

When slithering hair, the best results will be obtained when using shears with which edge:

A) notched
B) corrugated
C) sharp
D) smooth

A

Correct C) sharp

136
Q

Flexible comb, used in a “scissor over comb” technique, and creates a close/tight neckline is:

A) styling comb
B) fine tooth comb
C) barber comb
D) all of the above

A

Correct C) barber comb

137
Q

Which of the following hair cutting implements may be used on wet or dry hair?

A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) all of the above

A

Correct A) shears

138
Q

Which of the following hair cutting implements could be used on dry hair ?

A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) both A & C

A

Correct D) shears & clippers

139
Q

Which of the following hair cutting implements is best used on wet/damp hair?

A

A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) all of the above

Correct B) razors

140
Q

These Haircutting lines are used to create a sense of weight and stability:

A

Horizontal

141
Q

These Haircutting lines are used to create a sense/illusion of movement:

A

Diagonal

142
Q

The angle/degree at which you hold the hair out from the scalp prior to cutting:

A

Elevation

143
Q

A blunt cut, tends to create lines that are :

A

Hard

144
Q

In the “shears over comb” technique, which comb is generally used?

A

Barber comb

145
Q

In the “shears over comb” technique, you should work with an area:

A

No wider than the comb

146
Q

In the “shears over comb” technique, the angle of the comb will determine:

A

The length of the hair

147
Q

In the “shears over comb” technique, the stylist should begin the haircut at the :

A

Nape

148
Q

If your client has lice, what must you do?

A

Refuse service

149
Q

When cutting the hair with clippers, it is generally best to:

A

Go against direction of the hair growth pattern

150
Q

When using the “clippers over comb” technique, the clippers move:

A

Sideways across top of the comb

151
Q

When cutting a clients hair, if the stylist momentarily stops cutting, what is the best method to handle the shears:

A

Palm them, closed, facing the stylist

152
Q

Thinning shears are used to:

A

Remove excess bulk

153
Q

Using “single-notched” shears will have which of the following effects:

A

A) remove less hair than double-notched
B) remove more hair than double-notched
C) remove virtually no hair
D) only used to thin hair in the fringe area

Correct B) remove more hair than double-notched

154
Q

Using “double-notched” notched shears will have which of the following effects:

A

A) remove more hair than double-notched
B) remove less hair than single-notched
C) remove virtually no hair
D) creat a “spiked” look

Correct B) remove less than single-notched

155
Q

A uniformed layered cut (same length throughout) is cut at what angle/degree :

A

90

156
Q

A haircut using a 0 degree/angle is referred to as all of the following except:

A

A) wedge
B) BOB
C) blunt cut
D) solid form

Correct A) wedge

157
Q

Slithering / effilating refers technique of decreasing bulk by :

A

A) point cutting
B) thinning the hair
C) opening & partially closing shears up & down the hair shaft
D) both B & C

Correct D) both B & C

158
Q

The technical / medical term for the palm of your hand is:

A

Metacarpus

159
Q

There are _______ bones in the metacarpus:

A

5

160
Q

What is the largest artery in the body:

A

Aorta

161
Q

There are _______ bones in the wrist / carpus :

A

8

162
Q

“Fringe” is another term for “bangs” and is usually used to cover the area from:

A

The outer corner of the eyes

163
Q

When cutting hair with electric clippers, the hair should be:

A

Dry

164
Q

The neutralizer used in a permanent wave solution / chemical hair relaxer is :

A

Acid

165
Q

The reason razor cutting requires wet hair is:

A

To avoid pulling the hair

166
Q

A haircut using a 180 degree angle will have which of the following lengths:

A

A) longer interior, shorter exterior
B) horizontal lines with a longer interior
C) shorter interior, longer exterior
D) none of the above

Correct C) shorter interior, longer exterior

167
Q

Tapering has many different names, which of the following is not a name for tapering:

A

A) graduation
B) shingling
C) fading
D) blunt

Correct D) blunt

168
Q

The proper position for the shampoo cape while shampooing a clients hair is:

A

A) over the chair
B) under the chair
C) over for chemical services only
D) clients comfort controls

Correct A) over the chair

169
Q

For what type of skin are facial scrubs contra-indicated (not advisable) ?

A

C

170
Q

When the palms of the hands / finger tips are used in a rubbing motion , this is called:

A

Friction

171
Q

Using “single-notched” shears will have which of the following effects:

A

A) remove more hair than “double-notched”
B) remove less hair than “double-notched”
C) remove virtually no hair
D) create a “spiked” look

Correct A) remove more hair than “double-notched”

172
Q

Which of the following will remove the greatest amount of hair ?

A

A) double-notched shears
B) single-notched shears
C) regular shears
D) razor

Correct C) regular shears

173
Q

The approximate pH of a permanent wave neutralizer is :

A

3-5

174
Q

Which of the following would most likely be melted prior to use:

A

A) clay
B) mud
C) wax
D) none of the above

Correct C) wax

175
Q

Paraffin is :

A

Wax

176
Q

You have lightened your clients hair from a level 3 to a level 6, what is the underlying exposed warm pigment and what is the correct toner to create a neutral result :

A

Orange & blue

177
Q

You have lightened your clients hair from a level 5 to a level 9, what is the underlying exposed warm pigment and what is the correct toner to create a neutral result:

A

Red & green

178
Q

You have lightened your clients hair from a level 5 to a level 9, you then apply a blue based toner, what is the result :

A

Green

179
Q

In the “scissors over comb” technique, holding the comb flat against the head will result in:

A

Less scalp visibility/ longer hair

180
Q

Silking, refers to:

A

Relaxing the hair with heat

181
Q

The approximate pH of an ammonium thioglycolate solution is:

A

8.2 - 9.6

182
Q

About 90% of the scalp hair is in this stage / phase at any given time:

A

Anagen

183
Q

About 10% of the scalp hair is in this stage / phase at any given time :

A

Telogen

184
Q

Although vellus hair and lanugo hair are similar, vellus hair can be distinguished because:

A

Vellus hair has no pigment

185
Q

Which of the following is not a name for graduation in a haircut?

A

A) blunt
B) tapering
C) shingling
D) fading

Correct A) blunt

186
Q

The hair that we are primarily concerned with cutting, is referred to as:

A

Terminal hair

187
Q

Hair cut on an “angle” is also referred to as being cut :

A

On a bias

188
Q

Which of the following design lines would be used to add weight / build weight line?

A

Horizontal lines

189
Q

Lanugo hair can be easily distinguished from vellus hair because:

A

Lanugo hair has pigment

190
Q

The primary distinction between vellus and lanugo hair is:

A

Lanugo hair has pigment, vellus does not

191
Q

Which of the following can be achieved with the “shears over comb” technique?

A

A) texturing
B) layering the nape very close to the skin
C) height at the crown
D) long layers

Correct B) layering the nape very close to the skin

192
Q

Which type of haircut could be used to disguise a large chin and/or prominent jaw line?

A

Chin length BOB

193
Q

When clippers cutting hair, the clippers should be held in what relationship to the comb?

A

In the same position as the comb

194
Q

This is the widest portion of the head, sometimes referred to as the “crest area”:

A

Parietal

195
Q

The angle at which the fingers are held during a haircut:

A

Cutting line

196
Q

In Haircutting, elevation is used to create :

A

Graduation

197
Q

When cutting a BOB, blunt cut, or solid form, the most common cutting position is :

A

Palm down

198
Q

The most commonly used elevations in Haircutting are :

A

45 degree and 90 degree

199
Q

An angle below 90 degrees, is used primarily to:

A

Build weight

200
Q

Angles above 90 degrees are used primarily to:

A

Remove weight

201
Q

The approximate pH of a cold wave is:

A

8.2 - 9.6

202
Q

A blunt cut is sometimes referred to as / a :

A

A) BOB
B) zero degree / elevation
C) one length / solid form
D) all of the above

Correct D) all of the above

203
Q

In hair cutting, the area above the parietal/crest is referred to as the :

A

Interior

204
Q

In Haircutting, the area below the parietal/crest is referred to as the:

A

Exterior

205
Q

In a haircut, vertical lines will do all of the following except:

A

A) add weight
B) remove weight
C) be used with higher elevations
D) be used in graduated and layered cuts

Correct A) add weight

206
Q

Diagonal lines may be used in a haircut to accomplish all of the following except:

A

A) blend short layers to long layers
B) used to create Beveling
C) Direct the eye from side to side
D) to create slanting / sloping lines

Correct C) Direct the eye from side to side

207
Q

Beveling is a haircutting technique used to create:

A

Fullness by cutting the ends at a slight taper

208
Q

All of the following are true about guidelines except:

A

A) there are two basic guidelines, stationary and traveling
B) May be located at the interior or exterior cutting edge
C) they are usually the first section you cut, and determine length the hair will be cut
D) they are synonymous with cutting lines

Correct D) They are synonymous with cutting lines

209
Q

Which is not an intended consequence of using horizontal lines and haircutting:

A

A) The removal of weight
B) building weight
C) Direct the eye from side to side
D) none of the above

Correct A) The removal of weight

210
Q

If your client wanted longer layers, what angles / degrees when you correctly use:

A

Combination of 45 and 90°

211
Q

In a graduated or layered haircut, the most commonly used elevation is:

A

45°

212
Q

The most commonly observed elevation in a graduated or layered haircut is:

A

45°

213
Q

Which angle / degree Would create the longest possible layers in a clients haircut?

A

180°

214
Q

Which angles / degrees would provide the most movement and volume ?

A

180

State Board Exam (5 decks)

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