General Knowledge - (Part One) Flashcards
1
Q
The study of the growth and structure of nails is known as :
A
Onyxology
2
Q
Etiology is the study of :
A
The cause of a disease
3
Q
Often referred to as the cuticle, it overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail:
A
Eponychium
4
Q
Infection at the nail base, usually with pus, untreated can cause loss of the nail:
A
Onychia
5
Q
Onychophagy refers to:
A
Bitten nails
6
Q
Onychia refers to a condition where:
A
Inflammation at the base of the nail with pus usually present
7
Q
The technical term for bitten nails is:
A
Onychophagy
8
Q
Tight shoes, or improper trimming of the toe nails, may result in:
A
Onychocryptosis/ingrown toe-nails
9
Q
Onychocryptosis is a condition that may result from :
A
Excessively tight shoes
10
Q
A nail product used to smooth out and fill in minor depressions in a clients nail is :
A
Ridge filler
11
Q
The nail is composed of a substance known as :
A
Keratin
12
Q
The area from the nail root to the free edge, contains no blood vessels/nerves:
A
Nail plate / Nail body
13
Q
Portion of the nail assembly where the nail plate rests, contains blood vessels & nerves:
A
Nail bed
14
Q
The point where the nail enters the skin at the nail base is referred to as the :
A
Eponychium
15
Q
The tissue beneath the free edge of the nail is known as :
A
Hyponychium
16
Q
Contains the blood, lymph, and nerves from which new nail cells are generated :
A
Nail matrix
17
Q
This is the active tissue from which new nail cells are generated:
A
Nail matrix
18
Q
The nail root and nail matrix are located in this cup / pocket like structure :
A
Nail mantle
19
Q
Leuconychia is a condition that usually presents as :
A
White spots / streaks under the nails
20
Q
The Latin / medical term for nails is :
A
Onyx
21
Q
If a finger nail is lost / removed, approximately how long will it take to grow back ?
A
3 -6 months
22
Q
If lost / removed, how long will it take to grow a new nail plate / nail body :
A
3-6 months
23
Q
If a toe-nail is lost/removed, approximately how long will it take to grow back ?
A
9-18 months
24
Q
If a technician causes bleeding to occur during a nail service, they should use :
A
Styptic powder / powdered alum
25
Once destroyed, which part of the nail will not grow again ?
Matrix
26
The adhesive coat for nail polish is the :
Base coat
27
Pumice powder is most commonly found in :
Cuticle cream
28
If bleeding occurs during a manicure / pedicure, use :
Antiseptic
29
Always file natural nails :
Corner to center
30
The technical term for a hang nail is:
Agnail
31
If artificial nails are lifting from the nail bed, this may cause :
Mold and infection
32
Cuticle creams will help to prevent :
Hang nails / agnails
33
Onychophagy may increase blood flow to the _________ and cause the nail to grow faster :
Nail matrix
34
This portion of the nail effects it’s shape, size, and rate of growth:
Matrix
35
A half-moon at the base of the nail is known as :
Lunula
36
Oil or moisture under a nail enhancement may cause :
Enhancements to lift / fall off
37
The largest bone in the arm is known as the :
Humerus
38
The correct order of application in polishing a clients nails would be :
Base coat, enamel, top coat
39
This bone is found in the forearm and on the same side as the little finger :
Ulna
40
This bone is found in the forearm and on the same side as the thumb :
Radius
41
When removing polish from artificial nails, use :
Non-acetone
42
When removing artificial nails or nail enhancements, use:
Acetone
43
Before performing any nail service, the nail yech should attempt to find out if the client :
Is diabetic
44
What is the best manner in which to treat agnails :
Hot oil manicures
45
When in use, how should manicuring / pedicuring implements be kept?
On a clean towel
46
When not in use, manicure / pedicure implements should be stored in a :
Closed container
47
These warts, caused by the HPV virus, are flat, hard, thick growths, usually occurring on the soles of the feet and sometimes look like a circle within a circle.
Plantar warts
48
Nail bleaches and lighteners usually contain :
Hydrogen peroxide
49
Thickened white skin and watery blisters between the toes are indications of :
Athletes foot / tinea pedis
50
Another name for athletes foot is :
Ringworm of the feet / tinea pedis
51
Watery blisters and thickened whitish skin between the toes, is known as :
Tinea pedis
52
If your client has brittle/dry nails or dry cuticles, what should you recommend?
Hot oil manicures
53
To avoid ingrown toe-nails (onychocryptosis), do not file or clip:
Into the corners of the nails
54
The instrument used for trimming the cuticle is a :
Nipper
55
A bacterial infection with pus at the nail matrix is known as :
Onychia
56
When giving a pedicure with a foot and leg massage, you should not massage over the:
Shin bone
57
For a natural effect, the shape of the finger nails should conform to the shape of the:
Clients fingers
58
Most nail techs consider the ideal nail shape is:
Oval
59
Onychophagy is the technical term for:
Bitten nails
60
When pushing back cuticles, how should the nail technician hold the pusher :
Angled with medium pressure
61
A semicircular fold of the skin overlapping the nail plate on either side:
Nail wall
62
To remove your clients acrylic nails, you should :
Use nippers to remove unwanted acrylic nail, then soak off remainder
63
Condition that describes a forward growth of the cuticle covering most of the nail plate/body:
Pterygium
64
Atrophy or wasting away of the nail plate, may be the result of injury or disease:
Onychatrophia
65
These are the tracks on both sides of the nail, through which it moves as it grows:
Grooves / tracks
66
This is the cuticle overlapping the lunula at the base of the nail :
Eponychium
67
This is the skin surrounding, touching, and overlapping the nail on 3 sides :
Perionychium
68
Nail shape recommended for individuals who work on computer keyboards :
Square
69
The field of medicine dealing specifically with the feet and related issues is :
Podiatry
70
Portion of the nail extending beyond the end of the finger/toes, and protecting the tips:
Free edge
71
Crescent shaped whitish area of the nail bed (not always visible):
Lunula
72
This skin surrounds, touches, and overlaps the nail:
Perionychium
73
The term used to indicate inflammation of the skin surrounding the nail plate / body :
Paronychia
74
The fold of skin at the sides of the nail :
Paronychium
75
The metacarpus / palm of the hand contains how many long & slender bones:
Five
76
The carpus / wrist contains how many bones :
Eight
77
The tissue beneath the distal end (free edge) of the nail and the finger or toe :
Hyponychium
78
Hyponychium refers to the:
Skin under the free edge
79
The technical term for a “hangnail” is :
Agnail
80
The skin beneath / under the free edge of the nail :
Hyponychium
81
An inflammation at the base of the nail :
Onychia
82
What is the primary purpose of a nail primer ?
To improve adhesion
83
What can a nail tech use to smooth out imperfections in a clients natural nails ?
Ridge filler
84
What is used to dry and harden gel nails:
An ultra-violet light
85
In the salon, nail techs often use styptic in this form to stop bleeding from minor cuts.
Powdered alum
86
What is the function of “primer” when applied during an artificial nail application?
```
A) absorb oil & moisture
B) allow for better bonding
C) both A and B are correct
D) none of the above
CORRECT ANSWER IS D)
```
87
The excessive heat often generated by electric nail sanders may harm the:
Nail plate
88
A steel nail pusher should only be used:
On a moist nail
89
What effect will acetone have on a sculptured, artificial, or gel nail?
Soften
90
What is the function of a “dehydrator” when applied during an artificial nail application:
Absorb oil & moisture
91
This is found at the base of the nail often overlapping the lunula :
Eponychium
92
The Latin / medical / technical term for nails :
Onyx
93
Very thin nails that are brittle and less flexible than usual are referred to as :
Eggshell nails
94
Found at the nail base, may overlap the lunula and extend as far back as the first knuckle:
Eponychium
95
This refers to the tissue that is found under the free edge of the nail:
Hyponychium
96
This is a deep fold of skin within which the nail root & matrix are found:
Mantle
97
Contains many nerves and blood vessels :
Nail bed
98
Wavy nail ridges, often the result of uneven growth due to injury, are known as :
Corrugations
99
Nail techs will shape/file the nail prior to soaking in the nail bath, this is done because:
Filing dry nails is easier & filing wet nails is harder
100
If the nail matrix is destroyed, what will occur:
Nail will not grow again
101
The nail matrix and the nail root are found here:
Nail mantle
102
Functions as a barrier to stop bacteria / infection from getting to the nail matrix :
Eponychium
103
The cuticle overlapping the lunula is referred to as the:
Eponychium
104
All nourishment is supplied to the nail from the :
Nail root
105
Before the nail tech applies artificial nail enhancements, the natural nail must be:
Buffed
106
The improper use of nail nippers may result in :
Agnails
107
Very dry cuticles may result in which of the following :
Agnail (hangnails)
108
A bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail:
Paronychia
109
The active ingredient in nail bleach is:
Hydrogen peroxide aka H202
110
For the most natural look, the shape of the nail should conform to the shape of the:
Fingertips
111
The pedicure process begins by:
Soaking the feet in a disinfectant foot bath
112
When giving a manicure, the proper procedure for dealing with cuticles is:
Do not cut unless client insists
113
In discussing a haircut, where is the perimeter located?
At the outer edges
114
It is recommended that you cut extremely curly hair:
Dry cut before straightening
115
It is recommended that you cut kinky curly hair:
Dry after straightening
116
When cutting extremely curly hair, avoid what cutting implements?
Razors
117
When cutting a “cowlick”, what tension should be used?
No tension
118
When cutting hair with electric clippers, the hair should be:
Dry
119
When cutting the hair with a razor, the hair should be :
Wet or damp
120
The reason razor cutting requires damp hair is:
To avoid pulling the hair
121
The principal reason for using thinning shears is:
Decrease bulk
122
Tapering has many different names, which of the following is not a name for tapering:
A)blunt
B)graduation
C)shingling
D)fading
Correct A)blunt
123
Layering means the hair lengths have been cut:
Graduated
124
Which of the following would not be useful to thin out the hair:
A) thinning shears
B) shears
C) razor
D) clippers
Correct D) clippers
125
Which of the following is not apart of your cutting shears ?
A) screw
B) finger brace
C) blade
D) prong
Correct d)prong
126
On which part of your cutting shears does your little finger rest ?
A) screw
B) tang
C) blade
D) finger brace / guard
Correct D) finger brace / guard
127
Which of the following can be achieved with the “shears over comb” technique?
A) texturizing
B) layering very close to the skin
C) height at the crown
D) long layers
Correct B) layering very close to the skin
128
Type of haircut most suitable for a client with a large chin or prominent jaw line
A) asymmetrical
B) chin length bob
C) tapered back & sides with a full crown
D) shoulder length layers
Correct B) chin length bob
129
In cutting very straight hair, what degree of tension is recommended?
A) medium tension
B) minimum tension
C) maximum tension
D) client comfort is the determining fact
Correct C) maximum tension
130
A client has fine, dense hair, and wants it thinned out. How far from the head, should the stylist hold the razor, or thinning shears ?
A) 1/2 inch
B) 3/4 inch
C) 1 inch
D) 1 1/2 inches
A) 1/2 inch
B) 3/4 inch
C) 1 inch
D) 1 1/2 inches
Correct C) 1 inch
131
Club cutting is a method of cutting hair:
A) with a razor
B) with “shears over comb”
C) blunt and straight across
D) a very tight & close taper at the neck
Correct C) blunt and straight across
132
To create the appearance of height, cut the hair:
A) full at the nape and crown
B) close to the nape and crown
C) short in front, but longer in back
D) close at the nape and high in the crown
Correct D) close at the nape and high in the crown
133
When trying to create more body in fine hair:
A) use the shears over comb method
B) give a blunt cut
C) cut using a razor
D) use graduated layers where possible
Correct B) give a blunt cut
134
In razor cutting, the amount of hair removed in one razor stroke is dependent upon:
A) sharpness of the razor
B) angle of the razor
C) length of the hair
D) skill and agility of the stylist
Correct B) angle of the razor
135
When slithering hair, the best results will be obtained when using shears with which edge:
A) notched
B) corrugated
C) sharp
D) smooth
Correct C) sharp
136
Flexible comb, used in a “scissor over comb” technique, and creates a close/tight neckline is:
A) styling comb
B) fine tooth comb
C) barber comb
D) all of the above
Correct C) barber comb
137
Which of the following hair cutting implements may be used on wet or dry hair?
A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) all of the above
Correct A) shears
138
Which of the following hair cutting implements could be used on dry hair ?
A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) both A & C
Correct D) shears & clippers
139
Which of the following hair cutting implements is best used on wet/damp hair?
A) shears
B) razors
C) clippers
D) all of the above
Correct B) razors
140
These Haircutting lines are used to create a sense of weight and stability:
Horizontal
141
These Haircutting lines are used to create a sense/illusion of movement:
Diagonal
142
The angle/degree at which you hold the hair out from the scalp prior to cutting:
Elevation
143
A blunt cut, tends to create lines that are :
Hard
144
In the “shears over comb” technique, which comb is generally used?
Barber comb
145
In the “shears over comb” technique, you should work with an area:
No wider than the comb
146
In the “shears over comb” technique, the angle of the comb will determine:
The length of the hair
147
In the “shears over comb” technique, the stylist should begin the haircut at the :
Nape
148
If your client has lice, what must you do?
Refuse service
149
When cutting the hair with clippers, it is generally best to:
Go against direction of the hair growth pattern
150
When using the “clippers over comb” technique, the clippers move:
Sideways across top of the comb
151
When cutting a clients hair, if the stylist momentarily stops cutting, what is the best method to handle the shears:
Palm them, closed, facing the stylist
152
Thinning shears are used to:
Remove excess bulk
153
Using “single-notched” shears will have which of the following effects:
A) remove less hair than double-notched
B) remove more hair than double-notched
C) remove virtually no hair
D) only used to thin hair in the fringe area
Correct B) remove more hair than double-notched
154
Using “double-notched” notched shears will have which of the following effects:
A) remove more hair than double-notched
B) remove less hair than single-notched
C) remove virtually no hair
D) creat a “spiked” look
Correct B) remove less than single-notched
155
A uniformed layered cut (same length throughout) is cut at what angle/degree :
90
156
A haircut using a 0 degree/angle is referred to as all of the following except:
A) wedge
B) BOB
C) blunt cut
D) solid form
Correct A) wedge
157
Slithering / effilating refers technique of decreasing bulk by :
A) point cutting
B) thinning the hair
C) opening & partially closing shears up & down the hair shaft
D) both B & C
Correct D) both B & C
158
The technical / medical term for the palm of your hand is:
Metacarpus
159
There are _______ bones in the metacarpus:
5
160
What is the largest artery in the body:
Aorta
161
There are _______ bones in the wrist / carpus :
8
162
“Fringe” is another term for “bangs” and is usually used to cover the area from:
The outer corner of the eyes
163
When cutting hair with electric clippers, the hair should be:
Dry
164
The neutralizer used in a permanent wave solution / chemical hair relaxer is :
Acid
165
The reason razor cutting requires wet hair is:
To avoid pulling the hair
166
A haircut using a 180 degree angle will have which of the following lengths:
A) longer interior, shorter exterior
B) horizontal lines with a longer interior
C) shorter interior, longer exterior
D) none of the above
Correct C) shorter interior, longer exterior
167
Tapering has many different names, which of the following is not a name for tapering:
A) graduation
B) shingling
C) fading
D) blunt
Correct D) blunt
168
The proper position for the shampoo cape while shampooing a clients hair is:
A) over the chair
B) under the chair
C) over for chemical services only
D) clients comfort controls
Correct A) over the chair
169
For what type of skin are facial scrubs contra-indicated (not advisable) ?
C
170
When the palms of the hands / finger tips are used in a rubbing motion , this is called:
Friction
171
Using “single-notched” shears will have which of the following effects:
A) remove more hair than “double-notched”
B) remove less hair than “double-notched”
C) remove virtually no hair
D) create a “spiked” look
Correct A) remove more hair than “double-notched”
172
Which of the following will remove the greatest amount of hair ?
A) double-notched shears
B) single-notched shears
C) regular shears
D) razor
Correct C) regular shears
173
The approximate pH of a permanent wave neutralizer is :
3-5
174
Which of the following would most likely be melted prior to use:
A) clay
B) mud
C) wax
D) none of the above
Correct C) wax
175
Paraffin is :
Wax
176
You have lightened your clients hair from a level 3 to a level 6, what is the underlying exposed warm pigment and what is the correct toner to create a neutral result :
Orange & blue
177
You have lightened your clients hair from a level 5 to a level 9, what is the underlying exposed warm pigment and what is the correct toner to create a neutral result:
Red & green
178
You have lightened your clients hair from a level 5 to a level 9, you then apply a blue based toner, what is the result :
Green
179
In the “scissors over comb” technique, holding the comb flat against the head will result in:
Less scalp visibility/ longer hair
180
Silking, refers to:
Relaxing the hair with heat
181
The approximate pH of an ammonium thioglycolate solution is:
8.2 - 9.6
182
About 90% of the scalp hair is in this stage / phase at any given time:
Anagen
183
About 10% of the scalp hair is in this stage / phase at any given time :
Telogen
184
Although vellus hair and lanugo hair are similar, vellus hair can be distinguished because:
Vellus hair has no pigment
185
Which of the following is not a name for graduation in a haircut?
A) blunt
B) tapering
C) shingling
D) fading
Correct A) blunt
186
The hair that we are primarily concerned with cutting, is referred to as:
Terminal hair
187
Hair cut on an “angle” is also referred to as being cut :
On a bias
188
Which of the following design lines would be used to add weight / build weight line?
Horizontal lines
189
Lanugo hair can be easily distinguished from vellus hair because:
Lanugo hair has pigment
190
The primary distinction between vellus and lanugo hair is:
Lanugo hair has pigment, vellus does not
191
Which of the following can be achieved with the “shears over comb” technique?
A) texturing
B) layering the nape very close to the skin
C) height at the crown
D) long layers
Correct B) layering the nape very close to the skin
192
Which type of haircut could be used to disguise a large chin and/or prominent jaw line?
Chin length BOB
193
When clippers cutting hair, the clippers should be held in what relationship to the comb?
In the same position as the comb
194
This is the widest portion of the head, sometimes referred to as the “crest area”:
Parietal
195
The angle at which the fingers are held during a haircut:
Cutting line
196
In Haircutting, elevation is used to create :
Graduation
197
When cutting a BOB, blunt cut, or solid form, the most common cutting position is :
Palm down
198
The most commonly used elevations in Haircutting are :
45 degree and 90 degree
199
An angle below 90 degrees, is used primarily to:
Build weight
200
Angles above 90 degrees are used primarily to:
Remove weight
201
The approximate pH of a cold wave is:
8.2 - 9.6
202
A blunt cut is sometimes referred to as / a :
A) BOB
B) zero degree / elevation
C) one length / solid form
D) all of the above
Correct D) all of the above
203
In hair cutting, the area above the parietal/crest is referred to as the :
Interior
204
In Haircutting, the area below the parietal/crest is referred to as the:
Exterior
205
In a haircut, vertical lines will do all of the following except:
A) add weight
B) remove weight
C) be used with higher elevations
D) be used in graduated and layered cuts
Correct A) add weight
206
Diagonal lines may be used in a haircut to accomplish all of the following except:
A) blend short layers to long layers
B) used to create Beveling
C) Direct the eye from side to side
D) to create slanting / sloping lines
Correct C) Direct the eye from side to side
207
Beveling is a haircutting technique used to create:
Fullness by cutting the ends at a slight taper
208
All of the following are true about guidelines except:
A) there are two basic guidelines, stationary and traveling
B) May be located at the interior or exterior cutting edge
C) they are usually the first section you cut, and determine length the hair will be cut
D) they are synonymous with cutting lines
Correct D) They are synonymous with cutting lines
209
Which is not an intended consequence of using horizontal lines and haircutting:
A) The removal of weight
B) building weight
C) Direct the eye from side to side
D) none of the above
Correct A) The removal of weight
210
If your client wanted longer layers, what angles / degrees when you correctly use:
Combination of 45 and 90°
211
In a graduated or layered haircut, the most commonly used elevation is:
45°
212
The most commonly observed elevation in a graduated or layered haircut is:
45°
213
Which angle / degree Would create the longest possible layers in a clients haircut?
180°
214
Which angles / degrees would provide the most movement and volume ?
180
