General Knowledge

Question 1

Nomothetic Knowledge

Answer 1

to explain, describe, and predict child development generally (normative behavior)

Question 2

Idiographic Knowledge

Answer 2

to describe how and why individual children develop uniquely

Question 3

Sociocultural Knowledge

Answer 3

focuses on what is distinctive about the psychology of particular cultural and social group

Question 4

Translational Science

Answer 4

aims to implement knowledge about child development to improve the lives of children
- includes practices/policies that impact the health and well-being of children, family, childcare institutes, schools, media, government, and non-profit organizations

Question 5

Important Concepts in Child Development (5)

Answer 5

1. Nature vs Nurture
2. Individual Differences – maladaptation vs resilience
3. Continuity vs Discontinuity – series of abrupt, radical transformations (gradual acclimation of small change)
4. Equifinality vs Multifinality
5. Development as Change over Time

Question 6

Equifinality

Answer 6

different early experiences = same outcome

Question 7

Freud and the Focus on Early Childhood

Answer 7

theory that repressed traumas had long-term effects on psychological functioning –> releasing the trauma will make person better
- personality was fully developed when we turned 6

Question 8

Multifinality

Answer 8

same early experiences = different outcomes

Question 9

What changed the view of children in the 20th Century?

Answer 9

increase in mandatory enrollment in primary education
- impacted children bc it put them in spaces with their peers; changed the role of a child

Question 10

Binet and Intelligent Testing

Answer 10

Binet designed an instrument to help identity children who would have difficulty learning in a school and need special instructions

Question 11

Binet-Simon Scale

Answer 11

assesses a person’s cognitive abilities and mental capacity, including memory, reasoning, problem-solving, and perception.
- It is based on the concept of mental age, which refers to the level of intellectual development an individual has achieved relative to others of the same age

Question 12

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 12

• received the first PhD in Psychology in America and founded the APA
• wrote the first book on adolescence (wrote about puberty and an adolescent’s heightened responsiveness to peers)

Question 13

Anna Freud’s Contribution

Answer 13

adolescents should behave abnormally

Question 14

What is the age of Adolescence?

Answer 14

10-19 (WHO); 10-24 (some scientists)

Question 15

Emerging Adulthood

Answer 15

stage of life where people put off adult responsibilities (i.e.) go to college
(19-25)

Question 16

Theory

Answer 16

broad framework/set of principles that can be used to guide the collection and interpretation of a set of facts