General Knowledge Flashcards
What’s in a grape?
Skin, Seeds/Stem, Pulp
What does skin bring to the wine?
Tannin, flavour, colour (for red and rose wines)
What’s in seeds and stems?
high levels of tannin (making the wine bitter)
What does the pulp have?
Contains water and sugar and it also contains acids and flavours
Grape formation and ripening
- Flowering
- Fruit set
- Veraison
- Ripening
hierarchy of Climates
Cool = below 16.5
Moderate = between 16.5 & 18.5
Warm = Between 18.5 & 21
PDOs vs PGIs
PDOs cover relatively small areas and have tightly defined regulations
PGIs cover a wider area and have less strict regulations compared to PDO
Process of making red wines
- Crushing
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Draining
- Pressing
- Storage or maturation
- Packaging (bottling)
How do you extract colour and tannin?
The heat created by yeast during fermentation helps to extract colour and tannin in red wine making
- For the colour in red wine ==> need to punch down or pump over to mix the skin throughout so that the colour and tannin are extracted
Process of making rose
- Crushing
- Alcoholic Fermentation (interrupted)
- Draining
- Pressing
- Alcoholic Fermentation (continued at a lower temperature)
- Storage or maturation
- Packaging (bottling)
Process of making white wines
- Crushing
- Pressing
- Alcohol Fermentation
- storage / maturation (in steel/concrete container or in oak barrel)
- Packaging (Bottling)
How do you make ice wine?
- Pick grapes with concentrated sugar whilst they are frozen
- Press grapes whilst they are still frozen, to extract the sugars
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Fermentation stops due to high levels of sugar - so the yeast can’t transform all the sugar into alcohol
How do make low ABV Riesling?
- Pick ripe graps
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Remove yeast using filtration
How do you make a dry wine, sweet?
- Pick ripe graps
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Add sweetness - Low ABV
How do you make fortified wine?
- Pick ripe graps
- Alcoholic Fermentation
- Kill yeast by adding alcohol (high ABV)
