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Surgical Oncology > General Knowledge > Flashcards

General Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

A fine needle sample:

A. should be taken from any mass in any cat or dog.
B. is 100 % diagnostic in dogs with a mast cell tumour.
C. can always distinguish between benign and malignant tumours.
D. can give information about the mass, e.g., fat, inflammatory cells, round cells, epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells.

A

D. can give information about the mass, e.g., fat, inflammatory cells, round cells, epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells.

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2
Q

Which surgical resection is necessary for curative intent surgery?

A

Wide and radical resection

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3
Q

The prognosis for a patient with a cutaneous mast cell tumour depends on..?

A

depends on the histological grade, the mitotic index and the Ki-67 index

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4
Q

Mammary tumours in dogs:

A. behave similarly as in cats, and most of them are malignant.
B. are mostly benign.
C. have a 50/50 rate of malignancy (as many benign as malignant).
D. should always be treated aggressively with a radical mastectomy.

A

C. have a 50/50 rate of malignancy (as many benign as malignant).

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5
Q

The most sensitive diagnostic test to diagnose pulmonary metastases is:

A

CT

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6
Q

Chemotherapy should be used in patients to:

A

Potentially reduce the tumour burden in some macroscopic tumours but mainly to reduce the metastatic tumour burden and to prolong the life expectancy.

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7
Q

A patient with a 2 cm mass on the distal extremity should undergo which of the following?

A) Full staging including thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, FNA of the mass.

B)Staging including FNA of the mass and local LN.

C)Full staging including FNA of the mass, FNA of the local LN, abdominal ultrasound and FNA of liver and spleen.

A

B)Staging including FNA of the mass and local LN.

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8
Q

A biopsy/FNA should be taken for:

A

Every patient with a lump or mass.

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9
Q

Which of the following is true?
Select one:

A) For grade I and II Mast cell tumours a 2 cm margin is in most cases curative.
B) Mast cell tumours need to always be resected with 3 cm margins.
C) Mast cell tumours can be resected with a narrow margin.

A

A) For grade I and II Mast cell tumours a 2 cm margin is in most cases curative.

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10
Q

Histopathology will always exactly relate to the surgical resection of tumours.

A

False

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11
Q

A curative resection of a solid tumour requires at minimum:
Select one:

A) A radical surgery.
B) A wide surgery.
C) A debulking surgery.
D) A marginal surgery.

A

B) A wide surgery.

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12
Q

When is chemotherapy for MCT indicated?

A

In grade II or III MCT with evidence of metastatic spread or in large MCT to shrink down the tumour burden.

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13
Q

A mast cell tumour always needs to be resected with 3 cm margins.

A

False

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14
Q

Which of the following is true?
Select one:

A) Patients with cancer are always of old age.
B) Cancer in young animals will often be more silent when compared to that seen in older patients.
C) Cancer can happen in any patient, no matter what breed, age or species

A

C) Cancer can happen in any patient, no matter what breed, age or species

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15
Q

Which of the following is true?
Select one:

A) STS can happen in any patient, no matter what breed, age or species.
B) Patients with STS are always of old age.
C) STS in young animals will often be more silent compared with when it is seen in older patients.
D) STS are highly breed specific.

A

A) STS can happen in any patient, no matter what breed, age or species.

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16
Q

A soft tissue sarcoma should be resected with what margin?

A

A margin that is large enough to have a margin of healthy tissue around the tumour.

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17
Q

Which of the following statements best describes an ameloblastoma?
Select one:

A) A malignant mesenchymal tumour with a propensity for the palate of dogs and the gingiva of cats.
B) The fourth most common nonodontogenic tumour of the oral cavityin dogs with medium and large-sized breeds, middle-aged to older dogs and female dogs being more commonly affected.
C) A slow-growing benign neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue in which isolated islands or strands of odontogenic epithelium are present.
D) An odontogenic tumour, which is locally invasive but does not metastasise but needs to be resected aggressively otherwise recurrence can occur.

A

D) An odontogenic tumour, which is locally invasive but does not metastasise but needs to be resected aggressively otherwise recurrence can occur.

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18
Q

What are the most common malignant oral tumours? (4)

A

Melanoma
SCC
fibrosarcoma
osteosarcoma.

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19
Q

Which of the following statements regarding STS behaviour is true?
Select one:

A) STS have metastatic rates of up to 75%.
B) STS are invariably rapidly growing and highly metastatic.
C) Local recurrence of STS following marginal excision is rare.
D) STS have a metastatic rate of up to 41%

A

D) STS have a metastatic rate of up to 41%

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20
Q

Why is it imperative that oral biopsy is performed in patients suspected of having oral neoplasia?

A

Fine Needle Aspirates (FNA) of oral tumours are often (90%) non-diagnostic

21
Q

A mandibulectomy or maxillectomy in a cat and dog are similarly tolerated. True or false?

A

FALSE- A cat does not tolerate oral surgery like a dog and very frequently do we need to perform more aggressive surgery in the cat and do not forget that the anatomy of the cat’s skull is different. In cats we would very often place a feeding tube at the same time as the main surgical procedure.

22
Q

Which of the following statements best describes Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCC)? SCCs are…
Select one:
A) The most common oral tumours in dogs.
B) Non-aggressive tumours that do not metastasise.
C) Always be seen on the tongue in cats.
D) The most common oral tumours in cats and can be seen on the gingival or buccal or lingual mucosa.

A

D) The most common oral tumours in cats and can be seen on the gingival or buccal or lingual mucosa.

23
Q

An oral tumour is always a bad tumour and surgery should not be performed. True or false?

A

False

24
Q

Vaginal tumours in the dog are…
Select one:

A) Often benign leiomyomas due to oestrogen influence in intact female dogs.
B) Most often malignant leiomyosarcomas.
C) Sarcomas of the connective tissues.
D) Carcinomas of the epithelial glands.

A

A) Often benign leiomyomas due to oestrogen influence in intact female dogs.

25
Q

Which of the following statements about TCC of the bladder is most correct?
Select one:

A) TCC of the bladder are often amenable to complete surgical resection with curative intent.
B) TCC of the bladder are rarely locally invasive.
C) TCC of the bladder are often located in the trigone region making complete resection diffcult.
D) TCC of the bladder show little response to chemotherapy.

A

C) TCC of the bladder are often located in the trigone region making complete resection diffcult.

26
Q

According to the Vaccine Associated tumour task force, which of the following is the most appropriate treatment approach for a subcutaneous mass?
Select one:

A) Resected with 3 cm margins and 1 fascial plane deeper.
B) Obtain a biopsy for any mass following the 3-2-1 rule.
C) Resected with 5 cm margins and 2 fascial planes deeper.
D) Diagnosed with CT and then resected with 3 cm margins and 1 fascial plane deeper.

A

B) Obtain a biopsy for any mass following the 3-2-1 rule.

27
Q

List the most common gastrointestinal tumour types in the dog (from most to least common)?

A

Colorectal adenoma
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
GIST
Lymphoma
Mast cell tumour

28
Q

Which statement below regarding the difference in mast cell tumours in cats compared to dogs is true?
Select one:

A) Feline mast cell tumours are readily identified as a pigmented mass.
B) Mast cell tumours in the cat are the second most common skin tumour in cats.
C) Mast cell tumours no longer require surgical intervention with the advent of newer medications.
D) Mast cell tumours in cats are benign and monitoring only is appropriate.

A

B) Mast cell tumours in the cat are the second most common skin tumour in cats.

29
Q

What is the most common Gastrointestinal Tumour type in the cat?

A

Lymphoma

30
Q

Where are most Gastrointestinal Tumours in the dog and cat located?

A

Depends on tumour type and species

31
Q

Which of the following skin masses in the cat is malignant?
Select one:
A) Basel cell carcinoma.
B) Haemangioma.
C) Melanocytoma.
D) Sebaceous gland adenoma.

A

A) Basel cell carcinoma.

32
Q

Which of the following statements about mammary tumours is correct?
Select one:
A) Most mammary tumours in dogs and cats are malignant and require unilateral/total mastectomy.
B) Mammary tumour in dogs and cats behave in a similar fashion.
C) Neutered dogs and cats do not suffer with mammary tumours.
D) Feline mammary tumours are typically malignant and checks for metastases are appropriate.

A

D) Feline mammary tumours are typically malignant and checks for metastases are appropriate.

33
Q

T or F
Radiation therapy can be performed under light sedation instead of general anaesthesia.

A

False

34
Q

T or F:
Healthy and neoplastic cells are equally as susceptible to radiation damage.

A

False - Healthy tissues have a greater ability to repair radiation damage than neoplastic tissues; therefore, use of multiple, small doses of radiation, which have a cumulative effect, favours survival of healthy over neoplastic tissues.

35
Q

T or F
Most radiation therapy regimens designed with curative intent use 15–20 individual doses (fractions) of radiation.

A

True

36
Q

T or F
SRS (stereotactic radiosurgery) can be used for any size of tumour and as this is delivered over a shorter, more intense treatment duration can markedly reduce the hospital stay for the patient and the inconvenience for the owner.

A

False

37
Q

When is SRS (stereotactic radiosurgery) not appropriate? (2)

A
  • Over 4cm
  • High risk anatomy area
38
Q

T or F
Regarding Radiation adverse effects: late effects of radiation are seen in slowly proliferating normal tissue such as the brain, spinal cord, muscle, bone, kidney, and lung, whilst early effects occur in tissues that are rapidly growing, such as skin and the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities.

A

True

39
Q

T or F
Early and late effects of radiation will both resolve with time and supportive care and should not be considered dose-limiting.

A

False

40
Q

Late effects from radiation generally occur no sooner than ___ months following treatment but may appear years later.

A

6

41
Q

Early effects are seen during or shortly after radiation treatment, usually ___ after starting radiation and continuing for about ___ after radiation therapy is completed.

A

2 weeks
2week

42
Q

How are oro nasal fistulas repaired?

A

single flap
double flap

43
Q

When should a CBC be performed prior to chemo?

A

within 48 hours

44
Q

For a canine cutaneous grade 2 mast cell tumour, with a mitotic index of 3, what next test would you ask for to have a better understanding of the biological behaviour?

A

kI67 immunohistochemistry

45
Q

Reconstructive surgery should be avoided during the initial surgical management of a tumour because it can:

A

Increase the extent of the tumour if surgical resection is incomplete.

46
Q

A 15-year-old cross breed is diagnosed with an intermediate grade soft tissue sarcoma. You have performed a marginal excision and histopathology has returned as incomplete resection. Your treatment advice to the owner is to:
* wait and monitor because only 7 % of incomplete resected STS will recur.
* perform a staged wider resection because approximately 75% STSs have no evidence of residual tumour following staged resection and do not require further treatment.
* perform an excision of the scar tissue.
* follow-up with chemotherapy

A
  • perform a staged wider resection because approximately 75% STSs have no evidence of residual tumour following staged resection and do not require further treatment.
47
Q

What is the diagnostic accuracy of FNAs of mesenchymal tumours?

A

50-61%

48
Q

A six year old female neutered DSH is presented with halitosis, inappetence and a soft swelling of the mandible. Several teeth are loose and a plaque like lesion is visible on the mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for this patient?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma: surgical resection will most likely result in a high risk of local recurrence, radiation therapy will unlikely result in increased survival times.

Surgical Oncology (10 decks)

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