General Key Terms & Definitions

Question 1

Arts and crafts movement

Answer 1

A 19th century design movement that rebelled against the use of machines in design

Question 2

Bauhaus

Answer 2

An early 20th century German design school started by Walter Gropius

Question 3

Form follows function

Answer 3

The aesthetic appearance of a product is dictated by the way it works

Question 4

Memphis design

Answer 4

A late 20th century design group who challenged modernist design views

Question 5

Streamlining

Answer 5

The development of products using flowing curves and chrome detailing inspired by the increased study into aerodynamics in the early 20th century

Question 6

Key points about chapter 2.2 - design theory (6)

Answer 6

Question 7

Product life cycle

Answer 7

The stages a product goes through from its introduction growth and maturity to its eventual decline and replacement

Question 8

Socio-economics

Answer 8

How society and the economy interact to create particular circumstances

Question 9

Rationing

Answer 9

The limitation of the availability of certain goods usually in response to a shortage created by a war or other crisis

Question 10

Utility products

Answer 10

Post Second World War Basic products that were often rationed

Question 11

Council of industrial design (COID)

Answer 11

A post Second World War British organisation set up to improve design standards and competitiveness

Question 12

Microelectronics

Answer 12

Miniature electronic devices and systems facilitated by the development of the IC

Question 13

Sustainable

Answer 13

Something that had the minimum possible impact on the environment

Question 14

Ethical

Answer 14

Something considered by society to be morally fair

Question 15

Fair trade

Answer 15

A social movement to encourage the ethical treatment of farmers and workers in developing countries

Question 16

Culture

Answer 16

The combined ways of living developed by a group of people that is passed from generation to generation

Question 17

Inclusivity

Answer 17

Consideration of the needs of the widest possible range of people

Question 18

Key points of chapter 2.3 (13)

Answer 18

Question 19

Safe working practices

Answer 19

Methods and guidelines that an employer will use to ensure the safety of employees visitors and others within the workplace

Question 20

Risk assessment

Answer 20

A document taking consideration of what might cause harm to people and if reasonable steps are being taken to prevent that harm

Question 21

One-off

Answer 21

A product that has been designed and manufactured for a single, specific situation

Question 22

Batch production

Answer 22

A set of number of products are made at one time. To ensure consistency throughout the batch, manufacturers use control devices such as jigs and templates, as well as dedicated and CNC machinery.

Question 23

Mass production

Answer 23

Large quantities of the same standard product or component are made

Question 24

Key points for chapter 2.6 (3)

Answer 24

Question 25

Accuracy

Answer 25

The amount of conformity of a measurement to the required value

Question 26

Tolerance

Answer 26

The acceptable upper and lower limits of accuracy of a measurement

Question 27

Measurement

Answer 27

The process of using tools to check existing dimensions

Question 28

Dimension

Answer 28

The measured distance in a straight line between features of a part or product, such as height or length

Question 29

Marking out

Answer 29

The transfer of designs onto pieces of material or parts

Question 30

Datum

Answer 30

A surface or edge used as a reference from which measurements are taken to improve accuracy

Question 31

Jig

Answer 31

A device used to control the motion of a tool such as a drill relative to a workpiece

Question 32

Fixture

Answer 32

A robust frame with holding points and clamps to hold product components firmly in place for manufacturing processes such as welding

Question 33

Template

Answer 33

A rigid shape or pattern, used to transfer a design onto a workpiece to ensure consistency

Question 34

Key points about chapter 1.7 - accuracy in design and manufacture (7)

Answer 34

Question 35

Quality assurance (QA)

Answer 35

The procedures and policies out in place to reduce waste and ensure manufactured products and produced accurately within set tolerances.

Question 36

Scrum

Answer 36

A project management method which focussed on the organisation of workforce teams to recur the lead time of projects

Question 37

Total quality management (TQM)

Answer 37

A project management system focussing on QA through the full involvement of the workforce in continual improvement

Question 38

Critical path analysis (CPA)

Answer 38

A project management method used to analyse all individual stages within a project and plan the effective and time efficient completion of each element within the desired schedule.

Question 39

Quality control (QC)

Answer 39

The monitoring checking and testing of materials components equipment and products throughout production to ensure they conform to acceptable tolerances

Question 40

Key points from chapter 2.9 - design for manufacture and project management (11)

Answer 40

Question 41

British Standards Institute (BSI)

Answer 41

A national organisation formed to devise agreed standard procedures for performing a wide range of tasks

Question 42

International Standards Organisation (ISO)

Answer 42

A federation of national standards institutions that decide international standards to improve safety, productivity and reliability

Question 43

Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

Answer 43

A directive aimed at preventing hazardous substances from entering the production processes in order to prevent damage to human health and the environment

Question 44

Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)

Answer 44

A mandatory European directive that covers the end of life of electric and electronic equipment.

Question 45

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

Answer 45

A council that manages a certification system to identify and level timber and timber based products from sustainable sources

Question 46

Key points from chapter 2.10 - national and international standards in product design

Answer 46