General Information Flashcards
What are the characteristics of an addiction? (MILLER)
-Something done regularly, repeatedly, and habitually
- A compulsive quality that seems partially beyond the person’s control
- Persists despite potential or actual adverse consequences
How is addiction defined according to the DISEASE model? (LEWIS)
Addiction as a brain disease (strongly biological)
How is addiction defined according to the PERSONAL CHOICE model? (LEWIS)
Addiction as a problem with the decision-making system (strongly cognitive)
How is addiction defined according to the SELF-MEDICATION model? (LEWIS)
Addiction as a result of attempts to manage distressing symptoms
(strongly developmental)
As children and adolescents develop, emotional problems can erode their sense of well-being and try different strategies until they find something that works (i.e., psychoactive drugs are found to relieve anxiety, interrupt rumination, or brighten one’s mood).
What are the 5 models regarding the etiology of addiction?
PADSS Acronym
- Personal Responsibility Model
- Agent Models
- Dispositional Models
- Social Learning Models
- Sociocultural Models
What is the Personal Responsibility Model?
Addiction attributed at least partially to a failure of self-control, or a
violation of moral, ethical, or religious standards
Treated or prevented though legislation, education, repentance, punishment, and
social sanctions
Addiction as a choice
What is the agent model?
Addiction attributed to the power / strength of the substance and its
effects
The drug itself is to blame, so remove it from society
What is the dispositional model?
Addiction attributed at least partially to physical conditions of the addict,
though not to a lack of fortitude or willpower
Treatment through humane (often medicalized) routes, not punishment
Addiction as a (physical) disease
What is the social learning model?
Addiction arises due to basic learning principles such as classical and
operant conditioning, and social learning
Treatment through behavior modification and manipulations of experience
What is the sociocultural model?
Addiction attributed at least partially to social and cultural factors, such
as price / availability of alcohol or socioeconomic disparities
Treatment through alcohol/drug policy
What is the public health perspective?
groups causal factors into three categories: those involving the agent (in this case, the drug itself), the host (personal characteristics of an individual), and the environment.
What are the 5 stages of change?
PCPAM Acronym
- Precontemplation: individuals are not especially aware of their problems and
have no plans to change their behavior in the foreseeable future - Contemplation: individuals are aware of their problems but have not yet made a
serious commitment to do anything about them - Preparation: individuals have begun to make small changes in their problematic
behaviors with the intention of making more complete changes within 1 month - Action: successful (more complete) change has occurred for short time periods
- Maintenance: goal is to maintain the behavioral and attitudinal changes
Why is there a high rate of co-occuring disorders?
- genetic vulnerability: People may have genetic vulnerabilities that increase the likelihood of developing both disorders
- neurocognitive factors: For example, impairment in self-regulation, high impulsivity, cognitive control problems
- developmental factors: Early exposure to a substance may increase risk of developing MH symptoms / disorders
- environmental factors: Abuse, trauma, poverty, adverse childhood experiences
What are some of the over-represented disorders that co-occur with SUDs?
MAPS
Mood Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Personality Disorders (Antisocial and Borderline)
Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
What is the quadrant model?
offers a useful framework for conceptualizing subgroups of people with co-occurring conditions by understanding the severity of each disorder