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Neuroscience > General hypothalamus > Flashcards

General hypothalamus Flashcards

0
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Basal diencephalon, below thalamus

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1
Q

Thermoregulation:
Anterior vs Posterior hypothalamus?
Lesion?

A

Anterior hypothalamus = heat dissipation
lesion = hyperthermia
Posterior hypothalamus = heat conservation
lesion = poikilothermia *a posterior lesion damages efferents from both posterior and anterior regions

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A 
HEAL
Homeostasis
Endocrine
Autonomic
Limbic
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3
Q

What controls autonomic and endocrine activity?

A

Efferents

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4
Q

What are the 2 important two-way circuits? What specific parts of each?

A

Forebrain - amygdala and hippocampus

Brainstem - arousal centers, reticular formation, monoamine groups

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5
Q

What is the limbic system? What are the parts/which parts regulate what?

A 
interconnected neural structures that regulate HOME
Homeostasis - hypothalamus
Olfaction - olfactory cortex
Memory - hippocampus
Emotion - amygdala
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6
Q

Whats between the mammillary bodies and the optic nerve (looking at the ventral surface of the brain)

A

Tuber cinereum

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7
Q

The hypothalamus is surrounded by what structures?

A 
Lamina terminalis
Optic chiasm
Infundibulum
Mammillary bodies
Thalamus
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8
Q

What three areas is the hypothalamus divided into?

A

Periventricular (3rd ventricle)
Medial
Lateral

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9
Q

Which hypothalamic division has the most diffuse organization?

A

Lateral part

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10
Q

The periventricular area nucleus releases what 2 hormones? What are their pathways?

A
  1. TRH - TSH - T3, T4 - energy balance

2. somatostatin inhibits release of GH

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11
Q

The supraoptic nucleus (medial area) releases what two hormones? What is their pathway?

A
  1. vasopression (ADH) - water retention in kidney

2. oxytocin - uterine contraction and milk letdown

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12
Q

The paraventricular nucleus (medial area) releases what 2 hormones? Pathway?

A
  1. vasopressin (ADH) - water retention in the kidney

2. oxytocin - uterine contraction and milk letdown

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13
Q

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (medial area) releases what hormones? Pathway?

A

Cortisol and melatonin
It is the master pathway of circadian rhythm
* receives direct input from retina

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14
Q

Arcuate nucleus & ventromedial nucleus (medial area)

+ lateral preoptic nucleus and lateral hypothalamic nucleus (lateral area) do what?

A

Regulate hunger and satiety (stimulates adipocytes to release leptin)

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15
Q

The medial mammillary, intermediate mammillary, and lateral mammillary nuclei (medial area) receive input from where/do what?

A

Receive input from hippocampal formation

Regulate memory

Neuroscience (8 decks)

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