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EPI HARDCORE > GENERAL HARDCORE > Flashcards

GENERAL HARDCORE Flashcards

1
Q

In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections

A

F Cyclozoonoses require more than 1 vertebrate but no invertebrate host

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2
Q

if humans infect animals we speak about metazoonoses.

A

F Metazoonoses require both a vertebrate and invertebrate as part of life cycle

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3
Q

In the case of saprozoonoses animals and humans are infected from the same source

A

T Requires both a vertebrate host and a nonanimal reservoir or developmental site for completion of its life cycle

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4
Q

Mutations generally result decrease of the virulence

A

T

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5
Q

Virulence is a stable characteristic of an agent

A

F

spontaneous or induced change of virulence

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6
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed spontaneously.

A

T

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7
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed

A

T

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8
Q

Foetuses can have active immune response

A

T

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9
Q

Newborn animals have local immune response

A

T

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10
Q

Foetuses do not have immune reactions

A

F

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11
Q

Fetuses have no active immune response

A

F

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12
Q

The normal microflora of the gut is essential for animals; they cannot live without

A

F

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13
Q

Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response

A

T

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14
Q

From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an immune response against any antigen

A

F

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15
Q

There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth

A

F

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16
Q

Viruses causing generalised diseases generally replicate at the place of entry and in the regional lymph nodes

A

T

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17
Q

Subacute diseases last one or 2 days

A

F

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18
Q

In the case of generalised infections the placenta prevents the infection of the foetus

A

F

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19
Q

In the case of latent infection the agents are continuously shed

A

F

reactivation and then shedding

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20
Q

Latent infection happens when the genome of the agent is integrated in the genome of the host

A

T

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21
Q

In latent infection, there is no virus shedding.

A

T

REACTIVATION LEAD TO VIRUS SHEDDING

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22
Q

Abortion is the main clinical sign of abortive infections

A

F

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23
Q

Tolerated infections result in high level of immune reaction

A

F

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24
Q

Infection before self-recognition of the immune system can result tolerated infections

A

T

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25
Infected animals have a high level of antibodies in the case of tolerated infections
F
26
The agent is not shed in the case of inapparent infections
F
27
Dead end hosts do not shed the agent
T
28
Asymptomatic infections can become manifest
T
29
Formation of immune complexes can be a consequence of persistent viral infection
T
30
In the case of latent infection only mild clinical signs will be seen
F
31
Animals with tolerated infection shed the agent
T
32
In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen
T
33
Latent infection is common in the case of Gram-positive bacteria
F
34
In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be seen
T
35
Inapparent infections cannot be detected in laboratory examinations
F
36
In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts
F
37
Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology
F
38
Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology.
T
39
During a tolerated infection the animals are seropositive
F
40
In the case of latent infection no clinical signs can be seen
T
41
Asymptomatic infections cannot be manifest
F
42
Mortality show what proportion of the diseased animals die.
F
43
Epidemic diseases are spreading in a larger geographical area e.g. in several countries
T
44
Infective agents can be detected 2-3days after infection using serological tests
F
45
MATSA is a form of disease
F
46
Post mortem lesions help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis
T
47
Epidemiological data help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis
T
48
Antibacterial treatment is forbidden in the EU in the case of viral diseases
F
49
Antibiotics may be used only until the disappearance of the clinical signs
F
50
Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance
F
51
Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable
T
52
Maternal antibodies can inhibit the active immune response
T
53
Colostrum is the main way of maternal protection in the case of animals with epitheliochorial placenta
T
54
The half-life of the heterologous hyperimmune serum is about 7-10 days
T
55
The half-life of the homologous hyperimmune serum is about 2-3 weeks
T
56
Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the placenta
F
57
Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the colostrum
T
58
Enteral lymphocytes of the dam can be transferred to the offspring in colostrum
T
59
Colostrum is the only way of receiving maternal protection in calves
T
60
Calves can absorb maternal antibodies for a week after birth
F
61
Maternal antibodies can inhibit certain immunization
T Thats why we vaccinate after the expiry of maternal protection
62
The colostrum contains maternal lymphocytes
T
63
Maternal antibodies can decrease the efficacy of vaccination.
T
64
The endotheliochorial placenta prevents the transport of immunoglobulins to the foetus
F
65
Adjuvants in vaccines increase the shelf life of vaccines
F
66
Adjuvants in vaccines increase the efficacy of vaccines
T
67
Attenuated strains can be used in live vaccines
T
68
Deletion vaccines can only be used as live vaccines
F
69
DIVA principle can only be used if the animals are vaccinated with deletion vaccines
F
70
Subunit vaccines contain only antigens of the agents
T
71
If deletion vaccines are used, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated
T
72
Implantation of washed embryos from a infected dam into non-infected one is a way of eradication
T
73
Eradication using the **selection** method is generally implemented in case of low level of infection
T
74
Caesarean section is the only way of birth when eradication is carried out using the SPF method
F
75
Embryo transfer cannot be used for eradication, since the embryo can be infected
F
76
There is no agent which can be eradicated by antibiotic treatment
F Leptospira by penicillin

EPI HARDCORE (12 decks)

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