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EPI HARDCORE > GENERAL HARDCORE > Flashcards

GENERAL HARDCORE Flashcards

1
Q

In the case of cyclozoonoses arthropods are responsible for maintaining the infections

A

F Cyclozoonoses require more than 1 vertebrate but no invertebrate host

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2
Q

if humans infect animals we speak about metazoonoses.

A

F Metazoonoses require both a vertebrate and invertebrate as part of life cycle

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3
Q

In the case of saprozoonoses animals and humans are infected from the same source

A

T Requires both a vertebrate host and a nonanimal reservoir or developmental site for completion of its life cycle

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4
Q

Mutations generally result decrease of the virulence

A

T

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5
Q

Virulence is a stable characteristic of an agent

A

F

spontaneous or induced change of virulence

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6
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed spontaneously.

A

T

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7
Q

Virulence of a bacterium or virus can be changed

A

T

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8
Q

Foetuses can have active immune response

A

T

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9
Q

Newborn animals have local immune response

A

T

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10
Q

Foetuses do not have immune reactions

A

F

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11
Q

Fetuses have no active immune response

A

F

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12
Q

The normal microflora of the gut is essential for animals; they cannot live without

A

F

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13
Q

Chicken embryos are able to produce an immune response

A

T

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14
Q

From 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the foetus produces an immune response against any antigen

A

F

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15
Q

There is no immune response in the foetus, only from 4 weeks after birth

A

F

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16
Q

Viruses causing generalised diseases generally replicate at the place of entry and in the regional lymph nodes

A

T

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17
Q

Subacute diseases last one or 2 days

A

F

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18
Q

In the case of generalised infections the placenta prevents the infection of the foetus

A

F

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19
Q

In the case of latent infection the agents are continuously shed

A

F

reactivation and then shedding

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20
Q

Latent infection happens when the genome of the agent is integrated in the genome of the host

A

T

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21
Q

In latent infection, there is no virus shedding.

A

T

REACTIVATION LEAD TO VIRUS SHEDDING

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22
Q

Abortion is the main clinical sign of abortive infections

A

F

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23
Q

Tolerated infections result in high level of immune reaction

A

F

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24
Q

Infection before self-recognition of the immune system can result tolerated infections

A

T

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25
Q

Infected animals have a high level of antibodies in the case of tolerated infections

A

F

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26
Q

The agent is not shed in the case of inapparent infections

A

F

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27
Q

Dead end hosts do not shed the agent

A

T

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28
Q

Asymptomatic infections can become manifest

A

T

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29
Q

Formation of immune complexes can be a consequence of persistent viral infection

A

T

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30
Q

In the case of latent infection only mild clinical signs will be seen

A

F

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31
Q

Animals with tolerated infection shed the agent

A

T

32
Q

In case of inapparent infections no clinical signs can be seen

A

T

33
Q

Latent infection is common in the case of Gram-positive bacteria

A

F

34
Q

In the case of inapperent infections seropositivity can be seen

A

T

35
Q

Inapparent infections cannot be detected in laboratory examinations

A

F

36
Q

In case of abortive infection, the animal always aborts

A

F

37
Q

Tolerated infection can be demonstrated only by serology

A

F

38
Q

Abortive infection can be demonstrated only by serology.

A

T

39
Q

During a tolerated infection the animals are seropositive

A

F

40
Q

In the case of latent infection no clinical signs can be seen

A

T

41
Q

Asymptomatic infections cannot be manifest

A

F

42
Q

Mortality show what proportion of the diseased animals die.

A

F

43
Q

Epidemic diseases are spreading in a larger geographical area e.g. in several countries

A

T

44
Q

Infective agents can be detected 2-3days after infection using serological tests

A

F

45
Q

MATSA is a form of disease

A

F

46
Q

Post mortem lesions help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis

A

T

47
Q

Epidemiological data help in setting up a preliminary diagnosis

A

T

48
Q

Antibacterial treatment is forbidden in the EU in the case of viral diseases

A

F

49
Q

Antibiotics may be used only until the disappearance of the clinical signs

A

F

50
Q

Only diseased animals have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent resistance

A

F

51
Q

Using hyperimmune sera is usually not justifiable

A

T

52
Q

Maternal antibodies can inhibit the active immune response

A

T

53
Q

Colostrum is the main way of maternal protection in the case of animals with epitheliochorial placenta

A

T

54
Q

The half-life of the heterologous hyperimmune serum is about 7-10 days

A

T

55
Q

The half-life of the homologous hyperimmune serum is about 2-3 weeks

A

T

56
Q

Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the placenta

A

F

57
Q

Animals having epitheliochorial placenta receive maternal antibodies only through the colostrum

A

T

58
Q

Enteral lymphocytes of the dam can be transferred to the offspring in colostrum

A

T

59
Q

Colostrum is the only way of receiving maternal protection in calves

A

T

60
Q

Calves can absorb maternal antibodies for a week after birth

A

F

61
Q

Maternal antibodies can inhibit certain immunization

A

T

Thats why we vaccinate after the expiry of maternal protection

62
Q

The colostrum contains maternal lymphocytes

A

T

63
Q

Maternal antibodies can decrease the efficacy of vaccination.

A

T

64
Q

The endotheliochorial placenta prevents the transport of immunoglobulins to the foetus

A

F

65
Q

Adjuvants in vaccines increase the shelf life of vaccines

A

F

66
Q

Adjuvants in vaccines increase the efficacy of vaccines

A

T

67
Q

Attenuated strains can be used in live vaccines

A

T

68
Q

Deletion vaccines can only be used as live vaccines

A

F

69
Q

DIVA principle can only be used if the animals are vaccinated with deletion vaccines

A

F

70
Q

Subunit vaccines contain only antigens of the agents

A

T

71
Q

If deletion vaccines are used, vaccinated and infected animals can be differentiated

A

T

72
Q

Implantation of washed embryos from a infected dam into non-infected one is a way of eradication

A

T

73
Q

Eradication using the selection method is generally implemented in case of low level of infection

A

T

74
Q

Caesarean section is the only way of birth when eradication is carried out using the SPF method

A

F

75
Q

Embryo transfer cannot be used for eradication, since the embryo can be infected

A

F

76
Q

There is no agent which can be eradicated by antibiotic treatment

A

F
Leptospira by penicillin

EPI HARDCORE (12 decks)

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