General Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of blood

A

Transport of gases, nutrients, waste and hormones
Clotting
Preventing thrombosis
Protection from pathogens

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2
Q

Which blood constituents are responsible for clotting

A

Platelets and clotting factors

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3
Q

Which blood constituents are responsible for preventing clots

A

Anticoagulants

Fibrinolytics

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4
Q

What type of cells are stem cells

A

Totipotent

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5
Q

Where is bone marrow found in children

A

In most bones

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6
Q

Where is bone marrow found in adults

A

Mainly axial skeleton

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7
Q

Where is erythropoietin made

A

In kidneys in response to hypoxia

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8
Q

What is reticulocyte count a measure of

A

Red cell production

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9
Q

Where is thrombopoietin made

A

In the liver

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10
Q

What is platelet production regulated by

A

Thrombopoietn

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11
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets

A

7 days

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12
Q

What is thrombocytosis

A

Too many platelets

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13
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

Too little platelets

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14
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

Ingest and destroy pathogens

Especially bacteria and fungi

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15
Q

What is neutophilia

A

Too many neutrophils

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16
Q

What is neutrophil production regulated by

A

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

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17
Q

What is neutropenia

A

Decrease neutrophils

18
Q

Name 2 other types of myeloid cells

A

Eosinophils

Basophils

19
Q

What is eosinophils function related to

A

Allergy

Parasites

20
Q

What are raised lymphocytes usually a marker of

A

Viral infection

21
Q

Subtypes of lymhpocytes

A

B cells
T cell
NK cells

22
Q

Types of T cells

A

Helper
Cyotoxic
Regulatory

23
Q

Main function of B cells

A

To produce antibodies

24
Q

Where do B cells mature

A

in bone marrow

25
Where do T cells mature
In the thymus
26
What can T and B cells form
Memory cells
27
What does Class I HLA display
MCH I | Internal antigens on all nucleated cells
28
What does Class II HLA display
MCH II | Displays antigens eaten by professional APC
29
What is a paraprotein
Collection of one type of antibody
30
Dx tools in haematology
``` FBC Clotting times Bleeding time for platelets Iron B12 Folate Marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy LN biopsy Imaging ```
31
2 types of pulp in the spleen
Red pulp | White pulp
32
Infectious causes of splenomegaly
Acute e.g EBV< CMV Chronic bacterial e.g TB, Brucella, SBE Chronic parasitis e.g malaria, schistosomiasis
33
Haematological malignant causes of splenomegaly
Various leukaemias and myelomas | Myeloproliferative disorders
34
Liver cause of splenomegaly
Portal hypertension
35
Connective tissue causes of splenomegaly
SLE | Felty syndrome
36
Miscellaneous causes of splenomegaly
Sarcoid Malignant Amyloid
37
Normal Hb for males
125-170g/L
38
Normal Hb for females
120-160g/L
39
Normal platelets
150-400 (10to9/L)
40
Normal WBC
4-10 (10to9/L)