General Haematology

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Transport of gases, nutrients, waste and hormones
Clotting
Preventing thrombosis
Protection from pathogens

Question 2

Which blood constituents are responsible for clotting

Answer 2

Platelets and clotting factors

Question 3

Which blood constituents are responsible for preventing clots

Answer 3

Anticoagulants

Fibrinolytics

Question 4

What type of cells are stem cells

Answer 4

Totipotent

Question 5

Where is bone marrow found in children

Answer 5

In most bones

Question 6

Where is bone marrow found in adults

Answer 6

Mainly axial skeleton

Question 7

Where is erythropoietin made

Answer 7

In kidneys in response to hypoxia

Question 8

What is reticulocyte count a measure of

Answer 8

Red cell production

Question 9

Where is thrombopoietin made

Answer 9

In the liver

Question 10

What is platelet production regulated by

Answer 10

Thrombopoietn

Question 11

What is the lifespan of platelets

Answer 11

7 days

Question 12

What is thrombocytosis

Answer 12

Too many platelets

Question 13

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 13

Too little platelets

Question 14

Function of neutrophils

Answer 14

Ingest and destroy pathogens

Especially bacteria and fungi

Question 15

What is neutophilia

Answer 15

Too many neutrophils

Question 16

What is neutrophil production regulated by

Answer 16

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

Question 17

What is neutropenia

Answer 17

Decrease neutrophils

Question 18

Name 2 other types of myeloid cells

Answer 18

Eosinophils

Basophils

Question 19

What is eosinophils function related to

Answer 19

Allergy

Parasites

Question 20

What are raised lymphocytes usually a marker of

Answer 20

Viral infection

Question 21

Subtypes of lymhpocytes

Answer 21

B cells
T cell
NK cells

Question 22

Types of T cells

Answer 22

Helper
Cyotoxic
Regulatory

Question 23

Main function of B cells

Answer 23

To produce antibodies

Question 24

Where do B cells mature

Answer 24

in bone marrow

Question 25

Where do T cells mature

Answer 25

In the thymus

Question 26

What can T and B cells form

Answer 26

Memory cells

Question 27

What does Class I HLA display

Answer 27

MCH I

Internal antigens on all nucleated cells

Question 28

What does Class II HLA display

Answer 28

MCH II

Displays antigens eaten by professional APC

Question 29

What is a paraprotein

Answer 29

Collection of one type of antibody

Question 30

Dx tools in haematology

Answer 30

FBC 
Clotting times 
Bleeding time for platelets
Iron 
B12 
Folate
Marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy 
LN biopsy 
Imaging

Question 31

2 types of pulp in the spleen

Answer 31

Red pulp

White pulp

Question 32

Infectious causes of splenomegaly

Answer 32

Acute e.g EBV< CMV
Chronic bacterial e.g TB, Brucella, SBE
Chronic parasitis e.g malaria, schistosomiasis

Question 33

Haematological malignant causes of splenomegaly

Answer 33

Various leukaemias and myelomas

Myeloproliferative disorders

Question 34

Liver cause of splenomegaly

Answer 34

Portal hypertension

Question 35

Connective tissue causes of splenomegaly

Answer 35

SLE

Felty syndrome

Question 36

Miscellaneous causes of splenomegaly

Answer 36

Sarcoid
Malignant
Amyloid

Question 37

Normal Hb for males

Answer 37

125-170g/L

Question 38

Normal Hb for females

Answer 38

120-160g/L

Question 39

Normal platelets

Answer 39

150-400 (10to9/L)

Question 40

Normal WBC

Answer 40

4-10 (10to9/L)