General Haematology Flashcards
albumin
protein made in the liver
helps keep fluid in your bloodstream
plasma contains:
albumin
clotting/coagulation factors
antibodies
antigen recognition and antibody formation is by:
lymphocytes
antigen
a toxin or foreign substance that induces the immune response in the body
monocytes
type of WBC
phagocytosis and kills pathogens
(can differentiate into macrophages)
granulocytes
WBCs
help immune response fighting off foreign substances
erythropoietin is made is response to what?
hypoxia
haemostasis
prevents/ stops bleeding
induces clotting
platelet
haemostatic and immune properties
thrombopoeitin
regulates the production of platelets
made by the liver and kidneys
what is thrombocytopenia?
low platelet count
where are platelets made?
bone marrow
what are neutrophils function?
to ingest and destroy pathogens (especially bacteria and fungi)
neutrophilia
increase in the number of circulating neutrophils
can be MI, RA etc
neutropenia
low levels of neutrophils
drugs, sepsis
certain types of monocytes do what?
migrate into tissues and become macrophages
lymphocyte
immune cell
what are the 3 main subtypes of lymphocytes?
B cells
T cells
NK cells
where are lymphocytes produced?
bone marrow
HLA
human leukocyte antigen
regulates the immune system
Immunoglobulin sub-class by disease
IgM paraproteins are in
lymphoma
Immunoglobulin sub-class by disease
IgG and IgA paraproteins are in
myeloma
people with haematological malignancy are at higher risk of developing what?
sepsis
neutropenia
haematological malignancy are at higher risk of developing sepsis (due to a depressed immune system from chemo!) - what do you treat them with?
antibiotics
anti fungal
anti viral
PJP
Gram negative bacterias:
E.coli
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella
Gram positive bacterias:
Staphylococci: MSSS, MRSA
Streptococci
what is the sepsis 6?
within one hour
in: oxygen, antibiotics, IV fluids
out: blood culture, urine output, serum lactate
what is virchow’s triad?
what are the components?
(measures thrombosis)
vessel damage
hyper - coagulability
stasis
