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haematology > General Haematology > Flashcards

General Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

albumin

A

protein made in the liver

helps keep fluid in your bloodstream

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2
Q

plasma contains:

A

albumin

clotting/coagulation factors

antibodies

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3
Q

antigen recognition and antibody formation is by:

A

lymphocytes

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4
Q

antigen

A

a toxin or foreign substance that induces the immune response in the body

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5
Q

monocytes

A

type of WBC

phagocytosis and kills pathogens

(can differentiate into macrophages)

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6
Q

granulocytes

A

WBCs

help immune response fighting off foreign substances

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7
Q

erythropoietin is made is response to what?

A

hypoxia

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8
Q

haemostasis

A

prevents/ stops bleeding

induces clotting

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9
Q

platelet

A

haemostatic and immune properties

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10
Q

thrombopoeitin

A

regulates the production of platelets

made by the liver and kidneys

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11
Q

what is thrombocytopenia?

A

low platelet count

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12
Q

where are platelets made?

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

what are neutrophils function?

A

to ingest and destroy pathogens (especially bacteria and fungi)

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14
Q

neutrophilia

A

increase in the number of circulating neutrophils

can be MI, RA etc

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15
Q

neutropenia

A

low levels of neutrophils

drugs, sepsis

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16
Q

certain types of monocytes do what?

A

migrate into tissues and become macrophages

17
Q

lymphocyte

A

immune cell

18
Q

what are the 3 main subtypes of lymphocytes?

A

B cells

T cells

NK cells

19
Q

where are lymphocytes produced?

A

bone marrow

20
Q

HLA

A

human leukocyte antigen

regulates the immune system

21
Q

Immunoglobulin sub-class by disease

IgM paraproteins are in

A

lymphoma

22
Q

Immunoglobulin sub-class by disease

IgG and IgA paraproteins are in

A

myeloma

23
Q

people with haematological malignancy are at higher risk of developing what?

A

sepsis

neutropenia

24
Q

haematological malignancy are at higher risk of developing sepsis (due to a depressed immune system from chemo!) - what do you treat them with?

A

antibiotics

anti fungal

anti viral

PJP

25
Q

Gram negative bacterias:

A

E.coli

Klebsiella

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Salmonella

26
Q

Gram positive bacterias:

A

Staphylococci: MSSS, MRSA

Streptococci

27
Q

what is the sepsis 6?

A

within one hour

in: oxygen, antibiotics, IV fluids
out: blood culture, urine output, serum lactate

28
Q

what is virchow’s triad?

what are the components?

A

(measures thrombosis)

vessel damage

hyper - coagulability

stasis

haematology (8 decks)

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