General Haem Flashcards
how do you differentiate non-hodgkins from hodgkins?
Reed Sternberg cells (present in hodgkins)
symptoms of lymphoma
night sweats
itch
fatigue
lymphadenopathy
weight loss
causes of hodgkins lymphoma
EBV (epstien barr virus)
familial
signs of hodgkins lymphoma
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
B symptoms (night sweats, weight loss, fever, itch, lethargy)
how do you test for hodgkins
lymph node biopsy
bone marrow biopsy
physical exam
bloods
look for spread on imaging
how do you treat hodgkins
combination chemo (+/- radio)
monocloncal antibodies
stem cell transplant
what scale shows the extent of hodgkins?
Ann-Arbour system
1 lymphnode
2 or more lymphnodes
lymphnodes on diagphragm
spread beyond lymphnodes
Non Hodgkins low grade is
not as aggressive but harder to cure
Non Hodgkins high grade is
aggressive but easier to cure
lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia resemble
normal - well-behaved cells
CLL symptoms
often asymptomatic but can give splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure
how do you treat CLL?
WATCH AND WAIT
if not:
cytotoxic monoclonal antibodes (Ritixumab)
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
how do you stage CLL/ ALL?
binet staging
what is thrombocytopenia?
low blood platelet count
two types of thrombocytopenia
quantitative and qualitative
