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Oral biology > General Embryology > Flashcards

General Embryology Flashcards

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1
Q

down syndrome is known as

A

trisomy 21

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2
Q

features of a down syndrome kid?

A
  1. macroglossia (protruding tongue)
  2. missing teeth
  3. delayed eruption
  4. periodontal issues
  5. hypoplastic maxilla
  6. facial clefts.
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3
Q

examples of autosomal dominant diseases

A

cleidocranial dysostosis, achondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenisis imperfecta

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4
Q

dentinogenesis imperfecta arises from mutation of which gene?

A

sialophosphoprotein gene

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5
Q

examples of autosomal recessive diseases

A

chondroectodermal dysplasia, cystic fibrosis and cleft palate.

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6
Q

first month ( 4 weeks ) after fertilization

A

proliferation and differentiation of cells. severe perturbation can cause the embryo to be lost

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7
Q

second month (8 weeks)

A

congential diseases can be formed

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8
Q

what are congential disease causing chemical ?

A

teratogens ( drugs, radiation, smoking and alcohol )

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9
Q

what happens after fertilization ?

A

cells differentiate and make up a ball of cells called morula

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10
Q

what is blastula?

A

when the morula is filled with fluid, it forms into an empty fluid filled ball called as blastula.

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11
Q

two cell types in blastocyst?

A

embryoblast and trophoblast cells?

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12
Q

function of embryoblast?

A

forms embryo proper

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13
Q

functions of trophoblast?

A

makes up the placenta

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14
Q

what happens in 2 week?

A

the EMBRYOBLAST makes up the bilaminar layers. the ectoderm and endoderm

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15
Q

ectoderm makes up the?

A

amniotic cavity (columnar)

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16
Q

endoderm makes up the?

A

roof of the secondary yolk sac (cubiodal)

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17
Q

what happens in 3 weeks?

A

trilaminar layer forms.

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18
Q

what does ectoderm forms in 3 weeks?

A

the primitive streak in the midline

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19
Q

rostral end of primitive streak has

A

primitive node

20
Q

how is mesoderm formed?

A

the cells of ectoderm differentiate and depress into the primitive streak and start forming the mesoderm

21
Q

rostral end of the embryo has?

A

the prochordal plate

22
Q

caudal end of embryo has?

A

cecal plate

23
Q

how is notochord formed?

A

the cells of ectoderm move in a circular way. they dont divide and sit in the middle section and thus forms the notochord

24
Q

the area next to notochord is called?

A

par axial mesoderm

25
Q

somites are?

A

segments of par axial mesoderm

26
Q

sclerotome?

A

makes up the vertebrae and their disk

27
Q

myotome ?

A

makes up the muscle mass

28
Q

dermatome ?

A

connective tissues

29
Q

the two planes in which the embryo folds?

A

rostrocaudal axis and lateral axis

30
Q

the head fold is primitive for the formation of ?

A

stomatodeum/ oral cavity

31
Q

stomatoduem is seperated from the gut by?

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

32
Q

4th week?

A

the thickening of the ectoderm makes up the neural plates.

33
Q

neural folds?

A

neural plates raises making up margins called neural fold

34
Q

neural groove?

A

depression between the neural folds

35
Q

neural crest?

A

groups of cells made by the neural tube, DIVIDE at the neural fold and they move towards different parts of the body. originate from ectoderm

36
Q

layers of mesoderm?

A
  1. paraxial mesoderm
  2. intermediate mesoderm
  3. lateral plate mesoderm
37
Q

ectomesenchyma cells

A

connective tissue formed when neural crest comes and sits on the mesoderm
only FOUND IN HEAD AND NECK

38
Q

treachers collins syndrome

A

neural crest cells fail to migrate to the head and neck area and thus have undeveloped head and neck areas, and oral cavity except enamel and some part of dentin

39
Q

what happens in treachers collins syndrome?

A

micrognathia
hearing loss
slanted eyes
mandibulo facial dysostosis

40
Q

derivatives of Neural crest *

A
  1. cranial and sensory ganglion and nerves
  2. adrenal medulla
  3. ectomesenchyme of bones and skull
  4. PDL
  5. alveolar bone .
  6. dentin
41
Q

derivates of intermediate layer

A

1.urogenital system

42
Q

derivates of surfaces of ectoderm

A
  1. epidermis
  2. hair
  3. nails
  4. cutaneous gland
  5. mammary gland
  6. anterior pituitary gland
  7. parenchyma of salivary glands
  8. enamel of teeth
  9. lens
  10. inner ear
43
Q

derivatives of neuroectoderm/ neural tube

A
  1. posterior pituitary
  2. pineal body
  3. retina
  4. central nervous system
44
Q

derivatives of paraxial mesoderm

A
  1. muscles of trunk
  2. skeleton (except of skull)
  3. dermis of skin
  4. connective tissues (mesenchyme)
45
Q

derivatives of lateral plate

A
  1. connective tissues (mesenchyme)
  2. muscles of viscera
  3. serous membrane of pleura
  4. pericardium and peritoneum
  5. blood and lymph cells
  6. cardiovascular and lymphatic system
  7. spleen
  8. adrenal cortex
46
Q

derivatives of endoderm

A
  1. epithelium components of trachea, bronchi and lungs
  2. epithelium of urinary bladder, pancreas, liver, urachus, gastrointestinal tract
  3. epithelium components of pharynx, parathyroid, thyroid, tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic tube, tonsils

Oral biology (3 decks)

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