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Oral biology > Embryology of the Head, Face and Oral cavity > Flashcards

Embryology of the Head, Face and Oral cavity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anterior part of the neural tube makes up the

A

forebrain, midbrain and hind brain

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2
Q

rhombomeres are a part of?

A

hindbrain

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3
Q

how many rhombomeres are there?

A

8

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4
Q

what are somatomeres ?

A

par axial mesoderm rostrally divide into somatomeres

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5
Q

what are somites?

A

par axial mesoderm caudally divide into somites

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6
Q

neural crest cells make up two streams from?

A

midbrain and first two rhombomeres.

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7
Q

the two streams made by the NCC do what?

A

craniofacial development

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8
Q

what does the first stream makes up?

A

provides ectomesenchyme associated with face

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9
Q

what does the second stream makes up?

A

targets the first arch where it helps to make up the jaw .

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10
Q

rhombomere 3 makes up

A

migrate and make up the pharyngeal arches

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11
Q

stromatodeum makes up the

A

primitive mouth

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12
Q

what separates the stromatodeum from the foregut?

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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13
Q

laterally the stomatodeum becomes limited by?

A

pharyngeal or branchial arch

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14
Q

the pharyngeal wall has?

A

branchial arches which form as proliferation by the migration of NCC

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15
Q

how many thickening structures are formed in the pharyngeal arch?

A

6

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16
Q

transient in humans are?

A

5 AND 6

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17
Q

function of the transient thickenings ?

A

they expand laterally from the walls of pharyngeal arch and separate the primitive stromatodeum from the developing heart

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18
Q

first arch derivatives

A
  1. mandible and maxilla
  2. meckles cartilage
    a. incus and malleus of inner ear
    b. sphenomalleolar ligament
    c. sphenomandibular ligament
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19
Q

first groove derivative

A

external auditory meatus

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20
Q

first pouch derivative

A

tympanic membrane
tympanic cavity
mastoid antrum
eustachian tube

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21
Q

second arch derivative

A
  1. reicherts cartilage
    a. styloid process of the temporal bone
    b. stylohyoid ligament
    c. lesser horns of the hyoid bone
    d. upper part of the body of the hyoid bone
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22
Q

second grove derivative

A

obliterated

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23
Q

second pouch

A

obliterated and contributes in the making of tonsils

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24
Q

third arch derivative

A

greater horns of hyoid bone

lower part of the body of hyoid bone

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25
Q

third groove derivative

A

null

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26
Q

third pouch derivative

A

inferior parathyroid gland

thymus

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27
Q

fourth arch derivatives

A

cartilage of pharynx

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28
Q

fourth pouch derivative

A

superior parathyroid gland

ultimobranchial body

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29
Q

nerve of first second third and fourth arches

A
  1. trigeminal nerve (V) cranial nerve
  2. facial nerve (VII)
  3. Glossopharyngeal (IX)
  4. vagus (X)
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30
Q

the tongue develops at what day/week/month?

A

togue develops at the 4th week of gestation

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31
Q

origin of the tongue

A

stomatodeum

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32
Q

how many swellings of the tongue are there?

A

3

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33
Q

middle swelling is?

A

tuberculum impar

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34
Q

how is 2/3rd anterior part of the tongue is made?

A

the lateral swellings enlarge and fuse together

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35
Q

the point where the posterior part of the tongue ends and anterior starts is known as ?

A

sulcus terminal

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36
Q

the 2/3rd anterior part of the tongue is made by what arch?

A

1st arch

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37
Q

what nerve supplies the 2/3rd part?

A

cranial (V)

38
Q

what arch makes up the posterior 1/3rd?

A

3rd and 4th

39
Q

what are the parts that make up the 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

copula and hypobranchial eminence

40
Q

copula is from what arch?

A

3rd

41
Q

hypobranchial eminence is from what arch?

A

4th

42
Q

where does the muscle of the tongue originate?

A

occipital somite (myotome)

43
Q

nerve supply of the muscle of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal (XII)

44
Q

MOTOR supply of the tongue is done by what nerve?

A

hypoglossal (XII)

45
Q

the sense of pain temp and pressure of the 2/3rd anterior part of the tongue will be transmitted by what nerve

A

lingual nerve

46
Q

special sensation of taste will be sensed by what nerve (2/3rd part of tongue)?

A

chorda tympani

47
Q

how many processes make up the face?

A
  1. frontonasal process
  2. maxillary process
  3. mandibular process
48
Q

what makes up the middle portion of the nose?

A

frontonasal process and the medial nasal process of both the sides. (medial nasal process and the laternal nasal process)

49
Q

philtrum of the lips is made by?

A

medial nasal process?

50
Q

what fusion makes the philtrum of the lips?

A

medial nasal process and maxillary process

51
Q

lateral sides of the upper lip is made by?

A

fusion of maxillary process and the lateral portion of the medial process

52
Q

lower lips are made by?

A

mandibular process

53
Q

the connection between eyes and nose?

A

nasolacrimal duct

54
Q

on what day/week/month faces starts forming?

A

24-28 day of gestation

6 months

55
Q

formation of primary palate is done by?

A

frontonasal and medial nasal process

56
Q

formation of secondary palate is done by?

A

maxillary process

57
Q

secondary palate develops from?

A

7-8 week gestation

58
Q

describe the process of formation of secondary palate?

A

three outgrowths appear in the oral cavity, one is nasal septum that grows downwards from the frontonasal process and then there are two lateral outgrowths palatine shelves that extend downwards from the maxillary process. these shelves are directed downwards from each side of the tongue

59
Q

how does the palatine shelves fuse together ?

A

the tongue is withdrawn from the middle of the shelves, now the shelves fuse together with each other and with the primary palate.

60
Q

mandible is developed in relation to what arch and what cartilage?

A

First arch and meckels cartilage.

61
Q

what is the week of development of mandible?

A

6 week

62
Q

what happens in 6 week of development?

A

the meckles cartilage extends as a solid hyaline cartiallage rod with a fibrocellular capsule from the ear region to the region where the mandibular process fuses together.

63
Q

the mandibular nerve of the mandible divides into what parts?

A

the lingual nerve and the inferior alveolar nerve

64
Q

the nerves run at what positions to the cartilage?

A

lateral and medial aspects of the cartilage.

65
Q

the inferior alveolar nerve divides into?

A

mental and incisor branches.

66
Q

what happens at week 6 of development of ( mandible formation)

A

mesenchymal condensation occurs at the the angle between the inferior alveolar nerves ( mental and incisor branches)

67
Q

what happens at week 7 of development?

A

ossification takes place at the condensation place and makes up the first bone of mandible

68
Q

describe the spread of ossification anteriorly and posteriorly ?

A

the ossification spreads anteriorly towards the midline and posteriorly towards the point where the mandibular nerve divided into lingual and inferior alveolar bone.

69
Q

anteriorly this spread forms a new bone at what place?

A

forms a trough that fuses beneath the incisor nerve and consist of a lateral and medial plates

70
Q

what is mandibular symphysis ?

A

it is the place where the trough that was made beneath the incisor nerve is separated by the trough made by adjoining mandibular process.

71
Q

explain the backward extension of ossification ?

A

the ossification extends backwards along the lateral aspect of meckles cartilage towards the point where the mandibular nerve divides into lingual and inferior alveolar nerve.

72
Q

what is made by rapid ossification into posteriorly into mesenchyme of the first arch

A

ramus of the mandible

73
Q

what happens at 10 weeks of development ?

A

rudimentary cartilage is formed

74
Q

by what type of ossification rudimentary cartilage is formed?

A

intramembranous ossification (meckles cartilage degenerates)

75
Q

fate of meckles cartialge?

A

makes the incus and malleus of the ear
sphenomalleolar ligament
from sphenoid to the point of the mandibular branches, its lost but the fibrocellular capsule makes the sphenomandibular ligament

76
Q

three secondary growth cartilages of the mandible?

A

condylar

coronoid and symphyseal

77
Q

what type of ossification makes the secondary cartilages?

A

endochondral ossification

78
Q

condylar cartilage appears at what week of development?

A

12 weeks of development

79
Q

it makes cone shaped or carrot shaped mass and rests where?

A

the developing ramus

80
Q

what happens to condylar cartilage at 20 weeks?

A

it trasnforms into bone by endochondral ossification and a small part of cartilage is left in the condylar head.

81
Q

the coronoid cartilage appears at ?

A

4 months of development

82
Q

symphyseal cartilage obliterate at what age after birth?

A

1 year after birth

83
Q

where is symphyseal cartilage present?

A

b/w the connective tissue of the two meckles cartilage

84
Q

which one of the secondary growth cartilages are transient in nature?

A

coronoid is transient and dissapears long before birth

85
Q

the development of maxilla is associated with

A

the cartilage of nasal capsule

86
Q

development of maxilla starts towards what ?

A

posteriorly towards the developing zygoma below the orbit and anteriorly towards the future incisor region also spreads superiorly to form the frontal process.

87
Q

what happens because of the pattern of this bone deposition ?

A

it makes a bony trough for the infraorbital nerve that also spreads towards the palatine and makes the hard palate.

88
Q

this trough forms downwards what?

A

lateral alveolar plate

89
Q

what is the secondary cartialge the helps in development of maxilla?

A

the zygomatic or malar cartilage at the zygomatic development area helps in the formation of maxilla.

90
Q

why is maxilla small ?

A

because of small sinus

91
Q

at what week of develpment the maxillary sinus is formed

A

16 week

Oral biology (3 decks)

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