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Part II Boards > General Diagnosis Part 1 > Flashcards

General Diagnosis Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a case history include?

A

Chief complaint (patients own words)
Present illness (OPQRST)
past family, occupational, and social history
Review of systems

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2
Q

How many vital signs are there?

A

6 of them

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3
Q

What are different method of checking temperature?

A

oral (MC), anal (best choice), otic (ear), axillary, vaginal and testicle

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4
Q

In the eyes, what is Icterus associated with?

A

Jaundice

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5
Q

With Cataracts the red light reflex is _______ and you have lens opacity.

A

Absent

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6
Q

With Retinal detachment the red light reflex is ____, you see flashing lights, and a falling curtain (sign due to trauma).

A

Absent

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7
Q

With increased intracranial pressure, what is seen in the eyes?

A

papilledema (headache)

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8
Q

Glaucoma shows increased _______ pressure?

A

intraocular (blurred, halos)

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9
Q

Arcus Seniles is seen in what population?

A

the elderly (insignificant)- crud build up in lens

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10
Q

Corneal Arcus is ________ if under 30 years old?

A

SIGNIFICANT- crud build up in lens

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11
Q

If someone has diabetic retinopathy, wha is seen in their eyes?

A

waxy exudates and micro aneurysms

systemic illness

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12
Q

If someone has hypertension, how are their eyes affected?

A

flame hg.
cotton wool,
copper wires

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13
Q

If someone has MS or migraines, how are their eyes affected?

A 
scintillating scotomas (neuro/vascular)
flashing lights
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14
Q

What eye problems have normal background anomalies?

A

drusen

coloboma

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15
Q

How do you pull the ear of an adult to check the inside?

A

pull up and out

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16
Q

How do you pull the ear of a child to check the inside?

A

pull down and out

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17
Q

What can you have if you ear shows crusty discharge?

A

otitis externa, swimmers ear

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18
Q

What can occur if you have a bulging tympanum?

A

otitis media

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19
Q

What can be seen if you have a retracted tympanum?

A

serous (bubbly) and altitude (blocked eustachian tube)

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20
Q

With myringitis you can see ______.

A

Redness (acute infection)

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21
Q

True/False: Meningitis is a common complication (with the ear).

A

TRUE

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22
Q

If there is black in your ears, what happened?

A

perforation

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23
Q

What is the normal color of the tympanic membrane?

A

pearly gray

24
Q

With otosclerosis, what color is the eardrum?

A

chalky white

25
Q

What is the CN VIII test?

A

Weber-Rinne

26
Q

While preforming weber-rinne the sound lateralized to the right. Deficiency was noted on the right side. what kind of loss is this?

A

conduction loss

27
Q

What can cause conduction loss in the ear?

A

infection, cerumen, otosclerosis

can hear better in a noisy environment

28
Q

While preforming weber-rinne the sound lateralize to the right, but the deficiency was noticed on the left. What kind of loss is this?

A

sensorineural

29
Q

What can cause sensorineural loss in the ear?

A

presbycusis, neuroma, meniere’s

can’t hear in noisy environment

30
Q

If the inside of your nose is red, what is this likely caused by?

A

acute rhinitis

31
Q

If your internal nose is pale/gray/blue what condition can be present?

A

allergies and chronic “itis”

32
Q

If you have a foul discharge coming out of your nose, what must be in there?

A

a Foreign object

33
Q

A clear/bloody discharge coming from your nose is usually ____

A

CSF

34
Q

If you have a unilateral, watery discharge, what has happened to your skull?

A

Cribriform plate fracture

35
Q

If you have a depressed bridge, what fracture is commonly seen?

A

nasal bone fracture

36
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nose bleed

37
Q

A polyp is the nose is seen as a _____ in mucosa?

A

mass

38
Q

What are characteristics of a malignant lymph node?

A

non-mobile and non-tender

39
Q

What are characteristics of a benign lymph node?

A

mobile and tender

40
Q

Where are supraclavicular nodes located?

A

on the right above the diaphragm

41
Q

What drains into the supraclavicular nodes

A

the entire right side above the diaphragm only

42
Q

What drains into virchows nodes?

A

everything else (except the upper right side above the diaphragm)

43
Q

Where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

below the xiphoid process by T10 (epigastric)

44
Q

What common pathologies are seen at the head of the pancreas?

A

pancreatitis and cancer; seen with alcoholism, ecchymosis/flanks
(fetal position)

45
Q

What common pathology is seen at the tail of the pancreas?

A

insulin, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia

46
Q

Who is seen with type I diabetes?

A

juvenile, thin

insulin dependent

47
Q

Who is seen with type II diabetes?

A

obese

receptor site malfunction

48
Q

Gestational diabetes is __________.

A

dangerous (can kill baby quickly)

49
Q

What are 3 common symptoms seen with type II diabetes?

A

polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia

50
Q

What is Glycation?

A

when sugar combines with protein causing inflammation and free radicals

51
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

RUQ

52
Q

What pathologies can occur in the gallbladder?

A

cholecystitis and cholelithiasis

seen in females, multiparous, flatulence, distension, obese, right scapular pain, jaundice and steatorrhea

53
Q

What positive sign is seen when checking the gallbladder?

A

Murphys sign

54
Q

With appendicitis you see an increase in WBCs (over 17,00). what is this called?

A

Schilling’s shift

55
Q

Where is your appendix located?

A

RLQ

56
Q

What exams test the appendix?

A
  • Posas test
  • Blumberg’s (rebound tenderness)
  • Rousing’s (pressure LLQ)
  • Marble (heel jar)

Part II Boards (4 decks)

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