General Diagnosis Part 1 Flashcards
What does a case history include?
Chief complaint (patients own words)
Present illness (OPQRST)
past family, occupational, and social history
Review of systems
How many vital signs are there?
6 of them
What are different method of checking temperature?
oral (MC), anal (best choice), otic (ear), axillary, vaginal and testicle
In the eyes, what is Icterus associated with?
Jaundice
With Cataracts the red light reflex is _______ and you have lens opacity.
Absent
With Retinal detachment the red light reflex is ____, you see flashing lights, and a falling curtain (sign due to trauma).
Absent
With increased intracranial pressure, what is seen in the eyes?
papilledema (headache)
Glaucoma shows increased _______ pressure?
intraocular (blurred, halos)
Arcus Seniles is seen in what population?
the elderly (insignificant)- crud build up in lens
Corneal Arcus is ________ if under 30 years old?
SIGNIFICANT- crud build up in lens
If someone has diabetic retinopathy, wha is seen in their eyes?
waxy exudates and micro aneurysms
systemic illness
If someone has hypertension, how are their eyes affected?
flame hg.
cotton wool,
copper wires
If someone has MS or migraines, how are their eyes affected?
scintillating scotomas (neuro/vascular) flashing lights
What eye problems have normal background anomalies?
drusen
coloboma
How do you pull the ear of an adult to check the inside?
pull up and out
How do you pull the ear of a child to check the inside?
pull down and out
What can you have if you ear shows crusty discharge?
otitis externa, swimmers ear
What can occur if you have a bulging tympanum?
otitis media
What can be seen if you have a retracted tympanum?
serous (bubbly) and altitude (blocked eustachian tube)
With myringitis you can see ______.
Redness (acute infection)
True/False: Meningitis is a common complication (with the ear).
TRUE
If there is black in your ears, what happened?
perforation
What is the normal color of the tympanic membrane?
pearly gray
With otosclerosis, what color is the eardrum?
chalky white
What is the CN VIII test?
Weber-Rinne
While preforming weber-rinne the sound lateralized to the right. Deficiency was noted on the right side. what kind of loss is this?
conduction loss
What can cause conduction loss in the ear?
infection, cerumen, otosclerosis
can hear better in a noisy environment
While preforming weber-rinne the sound lateralize to the right, but the deficiency was noticed on the left. What kind of loss is this?
sensorineural
What can cause sensorineural loss in the ear?
presbycusis, neuroma, meniere’s
can’t hear in noisy environment
If the inside of your nose is red, what is this likely caused by?
acute rhinitis
If your internal nose is pale/gray/blue what condition can be present?
allergies and chronic “itis”
If you have a foul discharge coming out of your nose, what must be in there?
a Foreign object
A clear/bloody discharge coming from your nose is usually ____
CSF
If you have a unilateral, watery discharge, what has happened to your skull?
Cribriform plate fracture
If you have a depressed bridge, what fracture is commonly seen?
nasal bone fracture
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
A polyp is the nose is seen as a _____ in mucosa?
mass
What are characteristics of a malignant lymph node?
non-mobile and non-tender
What are characteristics of a benign lymph node?
mobile and tender
Where are supraclavicular nodes located?
on the right above the diaphragm
What drains into the supraclavicular nodes
the entire right side above the diaphragm only
What drains into virchows nodes?
everything else (except the upper right side above the diaphragm)
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
below the xiphoid process by T10 (epigastric)
What common pathologies are seen at the head of the pancreas?
pancreatitis and cancer; seen with alcoholism, ecchymosis/flanks
(fetal position)
What common pathology is seen at the tail of the pancreas?
insulin, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
Who is seen with type I diabetes?
juvenile, thin
insulin dependent
Who is seen with type II diabetes?
obese
receptor site malfunction
Gestational diabetes is __________.
dangerous (can kill baby quickly)
What are 3 common symptoms seen with type II diabetes?
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphasia
What is Glycation?
when sugar combines with protein causing inflammation and free radicals
Where is the gallbladder located?
RUQ
What pathologies can occur in the gallbladder?
cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
seen in females, multiparous, flatulence, distension, obese, right scapular pain, jaundice and steatorrhea
What positive sign is seen when checking the gallbladder?
Murphys sign
With appendicitis you see an increase in WBCs (over 17,00). what is this called?
Schilling’s shift
Where is your appendix located?
RLQ
What exams test the appendix?
- Posas test
- Blumberg’s (rebound tenderness)
- Rousing’s (pressure LLQ)
- Marble (heel jar)
