Associate Clinical Science (ACS) part 3 Flashcards
With a neonate, when is an APGAR done?
done 1 minute after birth and 5 minutes after birth
With a neonate, when is an APGAR done?
done 1 minute after birth and 5 minutes after birth
What is APGAR?
A- appearance (color) P- pulse (heart rate) G- grimace (irritability) A- activity (muscle tone) R- respiration
How many points is the APGAR worth?
2 points each section
10 points is a perfect score
What is a normal infant pulse rate?
120-160
What is a normal infant blood pressure?
60-90/30-55
What is a normal respiration rate for an infant?
25-40
What is a normal infant temperature?
99
What is the normal pulse rate of a school age child?
70-110
What is the normal school age blood pressure?
90-110/50-70
What is the normal school age respiration rate?
15-25
What is the normal temperature for school age children?
98.6
What is the normal adult pulse rate?
50-90
What is a normal adult blood pressure?
110/70
What is a normal adult respiration rate?
15-20
What is a normal adult temperature?
98.6
What is a normal birth weight?
greater than 2500g
What is a preemie birth weight?
What can usually cause a baby to be premature?
-
What is meconium?
fetus feces
What is vernix caseosa?
cheesy, sticky, lotion
What is APGAR?
A- appearance (color) P- pulse (heart rate) G- grimace (irritability) A- activity (muscle tone) R- respiration
How many points is the APGAR worth?
2 points each section
10 points is a perfect score
What is a normal infant pulse rate?
120-160
What is a normal infant blood pressure?
60-90/30-55
What is a normal respiration rate for an infant?
25-40
What is a normal infant temperature?
99
What is the normal pulse rate of a school age child?
70-110
What is the normal school age blood pressure?
90-110/50-70
What is the normal school age respiration rate?
15-25
What is the normal temperature for school age children?
98.6
What is the normal adult pulse rate?
50-90
What is a normal adult blood pressure?
110/70
What is a normal adult respiration rate?
15-20
What is a normal adult temperature?
98.6
What is a normal birth weight?
greater than 2500g
What is a preemie birth weight?
What can usually cause a baby to be premature?
-
What is meconium?
fetus feces
What is vernix caseosa?
cheesy, sticky, lotion
What is lanugo?
soft hair
What is visually seen with a cephalhematoma?
unilateral bruise (from delivery suction cups)
What is seen with caput succedaneum?
crosses suture (from delivery suction cups); bilateral
When does the anterior fontanelle close?
approximately 18 months (to never); soft spot
When does the posterior fontanelle close?
approximately 2 months
What is seen with pyloric stenosis?
projectile vomiting, RUQ olive mass
“string sign” on x-ray (pyloric channel)
When you have jaundice less than 24 hours after birth, this is considered ____ ________.
life threatening
When there is jaundice 3 days after brith it is usually ____ limiting.
self-limiting
When you have projectile vomit it an adult, where can pressure build up be located?
intracranially
When you have projectile vomit in a baby, what problem is normally associated with this?
GI problem
What is seen with cradle cap?
infant seborrheic dermatitis
When do you need iron supplementation for an infant?
when human milk is low
helps with RBCs
You need vitamin D supplementation for an infant to help with _____/____ integrity.
muscle/bone integrity
Zinc is normally deficit in _____ infants. Zinc helps with protein synthesis.
premature
If kids are low in vitamin A they are more likely to die from ________.
measles
What are the primitive reflexes seen up to 4-6months of age?
grasp
suckling
rooting
What is the grasp reflex?
the most primitive reflex (where baby grabs on to fingers)
How do you check for a suckling reflex?
tap under lip and baby purses lips (disappearance variable but often soon after birth)
How do you check the rooting reflex?
touch cheek and baby turns towards stimulus (disappears within 3-4 months)
When is tonic neck present?
at birth
How do you check tonic neck?
lay the baby supine, turn their head and their arm and leg extends on the ipsilateral side and flex on the contralateral side (disappears within 2-6 months)
What is a Moro reflex?
baby raises arms bilaterally in response to loud noise or light change (disappears in 4-6 months)
startle and acoustic reflexes are checked
What is the babinski reflex?
when stroking the ball of baby’s foot dorsiflexion occurs. this is normal for up to 2 years
What is Chvostek’s?
tap the cheek to test for tetany (CN VII)
What are common brachial plexus injuries?
erb duchene (upper) djerine klumpke's (lower)
With Erb Duchene, what is seen visually?
internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder
“waiter’s tip”
With Djerine Klumpke’s, what is seen visually?
elbow flexed and pronated with wrist flexed (occasionally accompanied with claw hand or horners syndrome
In childhood development, what are some things you see between 1 and 4 months old?
smiling
baby can raise the head and chest in prone position
In childhood development, what are some things to look out for during 4 to 8 months old?
baby can raise head from the supine position
baby can crawl backwards
baby can sit with hands
At 6 months, what can you add to baby diet? what should be avoided?
can add solid foods
NO HONEY OR COWS MILK
Around 8-12 months of age, how long should you expect to see baby sleeping without food?
8-10 hours without food
Around 12-24 months what can you see with childs memory and play ability?
child with have short memory and will play next to, but not with others
between 2 and 4 years old, what would you expect to see?
toilet training and playing with others
IgG cross what?
the placenta
IgA is _____ in mothers milk, but cows milk can cause Iron deficiency anemia.
Very high in mothers milk (colostrum)
What is the lease allergic food?
rice
What are the most allergic foods?
whole milk and wheat (high in gluten)
also AVOID MSG products
What is Celiac disease?
malabsorption problem
Become sensitive to wheat, rye, barley and oats (gluten sensitivity)
What are the best grains for someone with celiac disease?
corn and rice
What is Marasmus?
inadequate calories (protein and calories)
What is Kwashiorkor?
inadequate PROTEIN ONLY
What is the most common malnutrition in the USA?
obesity
What is cyclical vomiting syndrome?
repeated episodes of vomiting same time of day no apparent cause may have triggers associated with migraines Seen in Children and Adults
What are child abuse indicators?
swelling in the first day purple color 1-5 days green color 5-7 days yellow color 7-10 days brown color 10-14 days
How many injuries are typically seen in a battered child?
multiple injuries in various stages
What is contra coupe?
shaken baby syndrome
What are some bone injuries seen with child abuse?
metaphyseal chip, spiral rib, superiosteal shearing, bucket-handle, repeated fracture sight, multiple stages
What movements are known to cause a metaphyseal chip?
traction and twisting at the same time
What is cerebral palsy caused by?
anoxia at birth
What is reye’s syndrome causes by?
aspirin
What is Milia?
Neonate with papule on face, white heads
What is miliaria?
prickly head, red soup (temp control)
What do sympathetics control?
vasomotor, pilomotor, sudomotor
What are ortolanis test and barrow’s test used for?
hip dysplasia, 1st year
What is croup?
acute upper airway obstruction, barking cough, stridor
What is conjunctivitis and blindness commonly caused by in infants?
active vaginal infections
What does folate deficiency cause?
neuro tube defects (alpha feto protein; B9)
What is the first sign of AIDS?
flu-lik symptoms
What test helps to confirm cystic fibrosis?
"sweat test"- salty baby mucous plugging (pancreas and lungs)
How can infants get hepatitis A?
oral fecal route- day care centers and beaches
“scratch my butt, eat my cookie”
How can infants get E.coli?
most common day care disease
“scratch my butt, eat my cookie”
What does goodpasteurs affect?
effects lungs and renal systems
busy artery disease
What is hirschsprung’s?
megacolon (ENS doesn’t develop)
What are some symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus?
lung infection, dry cough (dangerous pneumonia in kids)
What are chicken pox?
itchy vesicles, lead to “scarring”
varicella
What are the 2 types of Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Pain (proximal to distal)
and
Vesicles (distal to proximal)
What kind of spots are seen with measles?
kopek spots (rubeola) Measles has 1 L and rubeola has 1 L to help you remember
What trimester are German meals a danger to?
the first trimester (rubella)
What kind of stridor is seen with pertussis/whooping cough?
inspiratory stridor
What symptoms are seen with roseola?
high fever, desquamation
What gland is swollen with Mumps?
swollen parotid gland (stenson’s duct)
in an adult- orchitis
What is seen with diphtheria?
pseudomembrane, exotoxins (bacterial)
What do you notice with lyme disease?
tick bite, bull’s eye lesion
flu-like symptoms
When do you get Rheumatic fever?
post-strep
What are some common symptoms seen with rheumatic fever?
migrating joint pain
glomerulonephritis
What are symptoms of Scarlet fever?
Red tongue
circumoral pallor
high fever
“Raccoon Sign” and “Battle Sign” are seen with…..
Basal Skull fractures
