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Part II Boards > Associate Clinical Science (ACS) part 3 > Flashcards

Associate Clinical Science (ACS) part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

With a neonate, when is an APGAR done?

A

done 1 minute after birth and 5 minutes after birth

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2
Q

With a neonate, when is an APGAR done?

A

done 1 minute after birth and 5 minutes after birth

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3
Q

What is APGAR?

A 
A- appearance (color)
P- pulse (heart rate)
G- grimace (irritability)
A- activity (muscle tone)
R- respiration
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4
Q

How many points is the APGAR worth?

A

2 points each section

10 points is a perfect score

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5
Q

What is a normal infant pulse rate?

A

120-160

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6
Q

What is a normal infant blood pressure?

A

60-90/30-55

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7
Q

What is a normal respiration rate for an infant?

A

25-40

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8
Q

What is a normal infant temperature?

A

99

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9
Q

What is the normal pulse rate of a school age child?

A

70-110

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10
Q

What is the normal school age blood pressure?

A

90-110/50-70

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11
Q

What is the normal school age respiration rate?

A

15-25

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12
Q

What is the normal temperature for school age children?

A

98.6

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13
Q

What is the normal adult pulse rate?

A

50-90

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14
Q

What is a normal adult blood pressure?

A

110/70

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15
Q

What is a normal adult respiration rate?

A

15-20

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16
Q

What is a normal adult temperature?

A

98.6

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17
Q

What is a normal birth weight?

A

greater than 2500g

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18
Q

What is a preemie birth weight?

A
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19
Q

What can usually cause a baby to be premature?

A

-

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20
Q

What is meconium?

A

fetus feces

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21
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

cheesy, sticky, lotion

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22
Q

What is APGAR?

A 
A- appearance (color)
P- pulse (heart rate)
G- grimace (irritability)
A- activity (muscle tone)
R- respiration
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23
Q

How many points is the APGAR worth?

A

2 points each section

10 points is a perfect score

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24
Q

What is a normal infant pulse rate?

A

120-160

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25
Q

What is a normal infant blood pressure?

A

60-90/30-55

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26
Q

What is a normal respiration rate for an infant?

A

25-40

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27
Q

What is a normal infant temperature?

A

99

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28
Q

What is the normal pulse rate of a school age child?

A

70-110

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29
Q

What is the normal school age blood pressure?

A

90-110/50-70

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30
Q

What is the normal school age respiration rate?

A

15-25

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31
Q

What is the normal temperature for school age children?

A

98.6

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32
Q

What is the normal adult pulse rate?

A

50-90

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33
Q

What is a normal adult blood pressure?

A

110/70

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34
Q

What is a normal adult respiration rate?

A

15-20

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35
Q

What is a normal adult temperature?

A

98.6

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36
Q

What is a normal birth weight?

A

greater than 2500g

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37
Q

What is a preemie birth weight?

A
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38
Q

What can usually cause a baby to be premature?

A

-

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39
Q

What is meconium?

A

fetus feces

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40
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

cheesy, sticky, lotion

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41
Q

What is lanugo?

A

soft hair

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42
Q

What is visually seen with a cephalhematoma?

A

unilateral bruise (from delivery suction cups)

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43
Q

What is seen with caput succedaneum?

A

crosses suture (from delivery suction cups); bilateral

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44
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

approximately 18 months (to never); soft spot

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45
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

approximately 2 months

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46
Q

What is seen with pyloric stenosis?

A

projectile vomiting, RUQ olive mass

“string sign” on x-ray (pyloric channel)

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47
Q

When you have jaundice less than 24 hours after birth, this is considered ____ ________.

A

life threatening

48
Q

When there is jaundice 3 days after brith it is usually ____ limiting.

A

self-limiting

49
Q

When you have projectile vomit it an adult, where can pressure build up be located?

A

intracranially

50
Q

When you have projectile vomit in a baby, what problem is normally associated with this?

A

GI problem

51
Q

What is seen with cradle cap?

A

infant seborrheic dermatitis

52
Q

When do you need iron supplementation for an infant?

A

when human milk is low

helps with RBCs

53
Q

You need vitamin D supplementation for an infant to help with _____/____ integrity.

A

muscle/bone integrity

54
Q

Zinc is normally deficit in _____ infants. Zinc helps with protein synthesis.

A

premature

55
Q

If kids are low in vitamin A they are more likely to die from ________.

A

measles

56
Q

What are the primitive reflexes seen up to 4-6months of age?

A

grasp
suckling
rooting

57
Q

What is the grasp reflex?

A

the most primitive reflex (where baby grabs on to fingers)

58
Q

How do you check for a suckling reflex?

A

tap under lip and baby purses lips (disappearance variable but often soon after birth)

59
Q

How do you check the rooting reflex?

A

touch cheek and baby turns towards stimulus (disappears within 3-4 months)

60
Q

When is tonic neck present?

A

at birth

61
Q

How do you check tonic neck?

A

lay the baby supine, turn their head and their arm and leg extends on the ipsilateral side and flex on the contralateral side (disappears within 2-6 months)

62
Q

What is a Moro reflex?

A

baby raises arms bilaterally in response to loud noise or light change (disappears in 4-6 months)
startle and acoustic reflexes are checked

63
Q

What is the babinski reflex?

A

when stroking the ball of baby’s foot dorsiflexion occurs. this is normal for up to 2 years

64
Q

What is Chvostek’s?

A

tap the cheek to test for tetany (CN VII)

65
Q

What are common brachial plexus injuries?

A 
erb duchene (upper)
djerine  klumpke's (lower)
66
Q

With Erb Duchene, what is seen visually?

A

internal rotation and adduction of the shoulder

“waiter’s tip”

67
Q

With Djerine Klumpke’s, what is seen visually?

A

elbow flexed and pronated with wrist flexed (occasionally accompanied with claw hand or horners syndrome

68
Q

In childhood development, what are some things you see between 1 and 4 months old?

A

smiling

baby can raise the head and chest in prone position

69
Q

In childhood development, what are some things to look out for during 4 to 8 months old?

A

baby can raise head from the supine position
baby can crawl backwards
baby can sit with hands

70
Q

At 6 months, what can you add to baby diet? what should be avoided?

A

can add solid foods

NO HONEY OR COWS MILK

71
Q

Around 8-12 months of age, how long should you expect to see baby sleeping without food?

A

8-10 hours without food

72
Q

Around 12-24 months what can you see with childs memory and play ability?

A

child with have short memory and will play next to, but not with others

73
Q

between 2 and 4 years old, what would you expect to see?

A

toilet training and playing with others

74
Q

IgG cross what?

A

the placenta

75
Q

IgA is _____ in mothers milk, but cows milk can cause Iron deficiency anemia.

A

Very high in mothers milk (colostrum)

76
Q

What is the lease allergic food?

A

rice

77
Q

What are the most allergic foods?

A

whole milk and wheat (high in gluten)

also AVOID MSG products

78
Q

What is Celiac disease?

A

malabsorption problem

Become sensitive to wheat, rye, barley and oats (gluten sensitivity)

79
Q

What are the best grains for someone with celiac disease?

A

corn and rice

80
Q

What is Marasmus?

A

inadequate calories (protein and calories)

81
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

inadequate PROTEIN ONLY

82
Q

What is the most common malnutrition in the USA?

A

obesity

83
Q

What is cyclical vomiting syndrome?

A 
repeated episodes of vomiting
same time of day
no apparent cause
may have triggers
associated with migraines
Seen in Children and Adults
84
Q

What are child abuse indicators?

A 
swelling in the first day
purple color 1-5 days
green color 5-7 days
yellow color 7-10 days
brown color 10-14 days
85
Q

How many injuries are typically seen in a battered child?

A

multiple injuries in various stages

86
Q

What is contra coupe?

A

shaken baby syndrome

87
Q

What are some bone injuries seen with child abuse?

A

metaphyseal chip, spiral rib, superiosteal shearing, bucket-handle, repeated fracture sight, multiple stages

88
Q

What movements are known to cause a metaphyseal chip?

A

traction and twisting at the same time

89
Q

What is cerebral palsy caused by?

A

anoxia at birth

90
Q

What is reye’s syndrome causes by?

A

aspirin

91
Q

What is Milia?

A

Neonate with papule on face, white heads

92
Q

What is miliaria?

A

prickly head, red soup (temp control)

93
Q

What do sympathetics control?

A

vasomotor, pilomotor, sudomotor

94
Q

What are ortolanis test and barrow’s test used for?

A

hip dysplasia, 1st year

95
Q

What is croup?

A

acute upper airway obstruction, barking cough, stridor

96
Q

What is conjunctivitis and blindness commonly caused by in infants?

A

active vaginal infections

97
Q

What does folate deficiency cause?

A

neuro tube defects (alpha feto protein; B9)

98
Q

What is the first sign of AIDS?

A

flu-lik symptoms

99
Q

What test helps to confirm cystic fibrosis?

A 
"sweat test"- salty baby
mucous plugging (pancreas and lungs)
100
Q

How can infants get hepatitis A?

A

oral fecal route- day care centers and beaches

“scratch my butt, eat my cookie”

101
Q

How can infants get E.coli?

A

most common day care disease

“scratch my butt, eat my cookie”

102
Q

What does goodpasteurs affect?

A

effects lungs and renal systems

busy artery disease

103
Q

What is hirschsprung’s?

A

megacolon (ENS doesn’t develop)

104
Q

What are some symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus?

A

lung infection, dry cough (dangerous pneumonia in kids)

105
Q

What are chicken pox?

A

itchy vesicles, lead to “scarring”

varicella

106
Q

What are the 2 types of Herpes Zoster (shingles)

A

Pain (proximal to distal)
and
Vesicles (distal to proximal)

107
Q

What kind of spots are seen with measles?

A 
kopek spots (rubeola)
Measles has 1 L and rubeola has 1 L to help you remember
108
Q

What trimester are German meals a danger to?

A

the first trimester (rubella)

109
Q

What kind of stridor is seen with pertussis/whooping cough?

A

inspiratory stridor

110
Q

What symptoms are seen with roseola?

A

high fever, desquamation

111
Q

What gland is swollen with Mumps?

A

swollen parotid gland (stenson’s duct)

in an adult- orchitis

112
Q

What is seen with diphtheria?

A

pseudomembrane, exotoxins (bacterial)

113
Q

What do you notice with lyme disease?

A

tick bite, bull’s eye lesion

flu-like symptoms

114
Q

When do you get Rheumatic fever?

A

post-strep

115
Q

What are some common symptoms seen with rheumatic fever?

A

migrating joint pain

glomerulonephritis

116
Q

What are symptoms of Scarlet fever?

A

Red tongue
circumoral pallor
high fever

117
Q

“Raccoon Sign” and “Battle Sign” are seen with…..

A

Basal Skull fractures

Part II Boards (4 decks)

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