Associated Clinical Science (ACS) part 1 Flashcards
What is the painful, soft, “weepy” chancre associated with?
Chlamydia
What is the painful, soft, “bleedy” chancre associated with?
Chancroid
What is the painless, hard chancre associated with?
Syphilis
What is the most common STD in the US?
Chlamydia
What are differential diagnoses for chlamydia?
(Lymphogranuloma venereum)
PID
Reuters disease (feet)
What STDs are asymptomatic in a female?
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea (knee) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
What STDs are asymptomatic in a male?
Trichomonas (Tricky Dick) Candida albicans (yeast infection)
What discharge is seen with Gonorrhea?
copious and clear
What discharge is seen with Trichomonas?
frothy, foul and itchy
What discharge is seen with chronic vaginitis?
foul and itchy
What discharge is seen with Candidiasis?
Curdy and itchy
What discharge is seen with Herpes?
Watery
What discharge is seen with Chlamydia?
yellow
Is Gonorrhea gram positive or gram negative?
gram negative
Where does herpes go latent?
in the dorsal root ganglia
Does herpes have itching seen before or after the breakout?
before the breakout
What organism is seen with a chancroid?
haemophilus decrey (aka soft chancre)
What is a good saying to remember chancroid?
“how he do cry, he has a bloody chancre on his wanker”
Chancroid have large, painful, ulcers, and puss called what?
Buboes
What is seen with candidiasis in females?
white cheese material covering vaginal walls
What probiotics are used for Candidiasis?
Acidophilus and Lactobacilius
What type organism is seen with syphilis?
it is a Spirochete (treponema pallidum)
this can cross the placenta and IgG can’t protect it; this can lead to congenital syphilis
What is seen in stage 1 of syphilis?
painless, hard, firm (indurated), and singular lesion
stage 1 usually lasts 4-8 weeks
What is seen with stage 2 (skin) syphilis?
Rash (80%) lymphadenopathy (50%) Condylomata lata (warts- wide based papule) alopecia (hair loss) appears 12 weeks later
What is seen with stage 3 (inside) syphilis?
Gumma Iskin, viscera granulomatous lesion) General Paresis (dementia) and argyll robertson pupil Tabes dorsalis, domberg's test, and charcot's joint
What is the specific test to check for syphilis?
FTS-absorption
What are the screening tests (sensitive tests) for syphilis?
VDRL, RPR
What is seen with Congenital Syphilis?
Hutchinson's Triad: -Saddle Nose -Interstitial Keratoses -Peg teeth (syphilis can cross the placenta; IgG cannot protect against it)
With lymphogranuloma venereum, the regional lymph nodes enlarge and may lead to what?
elephantiasis and rectal structures and abscesses
What is seen with Granuloma Inguinale?
Donovania Granulomatous Painless, velvety, show growing Bright, Beeft, reg granulomatous lesions This is an UGLY lesion (DONOVANS BEEFY HAMBURGER)
What is seen with genital warts?
genital warts (16 and 18 is precancerous)
Condylomata Acuminata, cervical dysplasia (enlargement) leads to cancer
Usually a small itchy cluster (cauliflower)
What is a screening test for Genital warts?
speculum
What is the specific test for Genital Warts?
PAP (confirmatory)
What is molluscum contagiosum?
multiple skin tags that exfoliate, waxy papules
How can bollus lesions spread?
spread sexually or nonsexually
What is a pemphigoid?
Autoimmune, most common bulla lesion
lethal
middle aged, south americans
IgG (many types)
What is dermatitis herpetiformis (aka ichthyosis bolos siemens)?
genital and extensor lesions bulla vesicles papules IgA (tip) Itching, peeling, blistering, gluten sensitive, hereditary (blacks and asians)
Which parts of the brain control voluntary motor function?
posterior edge frontal lobe and cerebellum
What part of the brain controls personality and problem solving?
Frontal Lobe
What part of the brain controls somatosensory function (temperature, pressure, position sense)?
Anterior edge of Parietal lobes
What part of the brain controls vision (color and shape)?
Occipital lobe
What part of the brain controls auditory and smell
superior Temporal lobe
What part of the brain controls speech (motor)?
“broca’s” area in frontal lobe (left hemisphere)
What part of the brain controls speech (sensory, planning and understanding)?
“wernicke’s area at junction of parietal, temporal and occipital lobes
What part of the brain controls biological drives (thirst and hunger)?
hypothalamus
What part of the brain controls emotions (limbic)?
near corpus callous and temporal lobe
What part of the brain controls visual and spatial functions?
right parietal
What part of the brain controls the understanding of languages?
left parietal
What is the left hemisphere considered?
analytical
What is the right hemisphere considered?
intuitive
Which hemisphere moves the right side of the body and the right half of the “visual field”?
the left hemisphere
Which hemisphere moves the left side of the body and the left half of the “visual field”?
the right hemisphere
With mental health, what happened during the pre-1960s?
isolation, lobotomies, electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
With mental health, what happened during the post-1960s?
drugs, therapy, de-institutionalization
With mental health, what happened in 1955?
spear’s chiropractic hospital very successful with mental disease
What is the theory of reasoned action?
perception + family/friends + beliefs = action (to go to chiropractor or not go to chiropractor)
communication is based on what?
speech, eye contact, body language, body contact and language
What is “funneling”?
combination of open-ended and direct questions
Hostility has a strong connection to _____ ______ _________?
Chronic Heart Diseae
Is dementia reversible or non-reversible?
non reversible
deterioration of cognition and behavior
Is delirium reversible or non-reversible?
often reversible
acute confusion that may fluctuate (ex. recovery from alcoholism)
What are the AKAs for Affect disorders?
affect = thymic = mood
What is bipolar disease?
episodes of mania (necessary) and melancholia (eventually happens)
mood swings
What is cyclothymic disorder?
causes hypomanic and mild depressive disorders
What is another name for unipolar disease?
depression (hopelessness), suicidal
___% of depression is misdiagnosed/unrecognized, self inflicted injuries (“cutter”)
50%
When you have major depression it should last about 2 weeks with 4 symptoms. what are some symptoms?
loss of appetite, insomnia, agitation, worthlessness, suicidal, poor concentration
How is dysthymic disorder different from depression (unipolar disorder)?
the diagnosis for dysthymic disorder is 2 years of at least 3 symptoms from the same symptoms as major depression
What is seasonal affect disorder?
when change in seasons affects your moods
With psychotic disorders, people have an _______ _______?
altered reality
What age group is schizophrenia prevalent in?
young adults are most commonly afflicted (reality is altered; perception is altered)
EPISODIC
What is alogia (seen with schizophrenia)?
poverty of speech
What is avolition (seen with schizophrenia)?
lack of purposeful action or motivation
What are the different types of schizophrenia?
disorganized catatonic paranoid schizophreniform paraphrenia
What is disorganized schizophrenia?
unpredictable mood shifts (old term is hebephrenic)
What is catatonic schizophrenia?
rigid posture, expression flat affect, “masked facies” (frozen)