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Part II Boards > Associated Clinical Science (ACS) part 1 > Flashcards

Associated Clinical Science (ACS) part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the painful, soft, “weepy” chancre associated with?

A

Chlamydia

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2
Q

What is the painful, soft, “bleedy” chancre associated with?

A

Chancroid

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3
Q

What is the painless, hard chancre associated with?

A

Syphilis

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4
Q

What is the most common STD in the US?

A

Chlamydia

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5
Q

What are differential diagnoses for chlamydia?

A

(Lymphogranuloma venereum)
PID
Reuters disease (feet)

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6
Q

What STDs are asymptomatic in a female?

A

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea (knee) and Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

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7
Q

What STDs are asymptomatic in a male?

A 
Trichomonas (Tricky Dick)
Candida albicans (yeast infection)
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8
Q

What discharge is seen with Gonorrhea?

A

copious and clear

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9
Q

What discharge is seen with Trichomonas?

A

frothy, foul and itchy

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10
Q

What discharge is seen with chronic vaginitis?

A

foul and itchy

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11
Q

What discharge is seen with Candidiasis?

A

Curdy and itchy

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12
Q

What discharge is seen with Herpes?

A

Watery

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13
Q

What discharge is seen with Chlamydia?

A

yellow

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14
Q

Is Gonorrhea gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram negative

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15
Q

Where does herpes go latent?

A

in the dorsal root ganglia

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16
Q

Does herpes have itching seen before or after the breakout?

A

before the breakout

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17
Q

What organism is seen with a chancroid?

A

haemophilus decrey (aka soft chancre)

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18
Q

What is a good saying to remember chancroid?

A

“how he do cry, he has a bloody chancre on his wanker”

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19
Q

Chancroid have large, painful, ulcers, and puss called what?

A

Buboes

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20
Q

What is seen with candidiasis in females?

A

white cheese material covering vaginal walls

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21
Q

What probiotics are used for Candidiasis?

A

Acidophilus and Lactobacilius

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22
Q

What type organism is seen with syphilis?

A

it is a Spirochete (treponema pallidum)

this can cross the placenta and IgG can’t protect it; this can lead to congenital syphilis

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23
Q

What is seen in stage 1 of syphilis?

A

painless, hard, firm (indurated), and singular lesion

stage 1 usually lasts 4-8 weeks

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24
Q

What is seen with stage 2 (skin) syphilis?

A 
Rash (80%)
lymphadenopathy (50%)
Condylomata lata (warts- wide based papule)
alopecia (hair loss)
appears 12 weeks later
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25
What is seen with stage 3 (inside) syphilis?
``` Gumma Iskin, viscera granulomatous lesion) General Paresis (dementia) and argyll robertson pupil Tabes dorsalis, domberg's test, and charcot's joint ```
26
What is the specific test to check for syphilis?
FTS-absorption
27
What are the screening tests (sensitive tests) for syphilis?
VDRL, RPR
28
What is seen with Congenital Syphilis?
``` Hutchinson's Triad: -Saddle Nose -Interstitial Keratoses -Peg teeth (syphilis can cross the placenta; IgG cannot protect against it) ```
29
With lymphogranuloma venereum, the regional lymph nodes enlarge and may lead to what?
elephantiasis and rectal structures and abscesses
30
What is seen with Granuloma Inguinale?
``` Donovania Granulomatous Painless, velvety, show growing Bright, Beeft, reg granulomatous lesions This is an UGLY lesion (DONOVANS BEEFY HAMBURGER) ```
31
What is seen with genital warts?
genital warts (16 and 18 is precancerous) Condylomata Acuminata, cervical dysplasia (enlargement) leads to cancer Usually a small itchy cluster (cauliflower)
32
What is a screening test for Genital warts?
speculum
33
What is the specific test for Genital Warts?
PAP (confirmatory)
34
What is molluscum contagiosum?
multiple skin tags that exfoliate, waxy papules
35
How can bollus lesions spread?
spread sexually or nonsexually
36
What is a pemphigoid?
Autoimmune, most common bulla lesion lethal middle aged, south americans IgG (many types)
37
What is dermatitis herpetiformis (aka ichthyosis bolos siemens)?
``` genital and extensor lesions bulla vesicles papules IgA (tip) Itching, peeling, blistering, gluten sensitive, hereditary (blacks and asians) ```
38
Which parts of the brain control voluntary motor function?
posterior edge frontal lobe and cerebellum
39
What part of the brain controls personality and problem solving?
Frontal Lobe
40
What part of the brain controls somatosensory function (temperature, pressure, position sense)?
Anterior edge of Parietal lobes
41
What part of the brain controls vision (color and shape)?
Occipital lobe
42
What part of the brain controls auditory and smell
superior Temporal lobe
43
What part of the brain controls speech (motor)?
"broca's" area in frontal lobe (left hemisphere)
44
What part of the brain controls speech (sensory, planning and understanding)?
"wernicke's area at junction of parietal, temporal and occipital lobes
45
What part of the brain controls biological drives (thirst and hunger)?
hypothalamus
46
What part of the brain controls emotions (limbic)?
near corpus callous and temporal lobe
47
What part of the brain controls visual and spatial functions?
right parietal
48
What part of the brain controls the understanding of languages?
left parietal
49
What is the left hemisphere considered?
analytical
50
What is the right hemisphere considered?
intuitive
51
Which hemisphere moves the right side of the body and the right half of the "visual field"?
the left hemisphere
52
Which hemisphere moves the left side of the body and the left half of the "visual field"?
the right hemisphere
53
With mental health, what happened during the pre-1960s?
isolation, lobotomies, electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
54
With mental health, what happened during the post-1960s?
drugs, therapy, de-institutionalization
55
With mental health, what happened in 1955?
spear's chiropractic hospital very successful with mental disease
56
What is the theory of reasoned action?
perception + family/friends + beliefs = action (to go to chiropractor or not go to chiropractor)
57
communication is based on what?
speech, eye contact, body language, body contact and language
58
What is "funneling"?
combination of open-ended and direct questions
59
Hostility has a strong connection to _____ ______ _________?
Chronic Heart Diseae
60
Is dementia reversible or non-reversible?
non reversible | deterioration of cognition and behavior
61
Is delirium reversible or non-reversible?
often reversible | acute confusion that may fluctuate (ex. recovery from alcoholism)
62
What are the AKAs for Affect disorders?
affect = thymic = mood
63
What is bipolar disease?
episodes of mania (necessary) and melancholia (eventually happens) mood swings
64
What is cyclothymic disorder?
causes hypomanic and mild depressive disorders
65
What is another name for unipolar disease?
depression (hopelessness), suicidal
66
___% of depression is misdiagnosed/unrecognized, self inflicted injuries ("cutter")
50%
67
When you have major depression it should last about 2 weeks with 4 symptoms. what are some symptoms?
loss of appetite, insomnia, agitation, worthlessness, suicidal, poor concentration
68
How is dysthymic disorder different from depression (unipolar disorder)?
the diagnosis for dysthymic disorder is 2 years of at least 3 symptoms from the same symptoms as major depression
69
What is seasonal affect disorder?
when change in seasons affects your moods
70
With psychotic disorders, people have an _______ _______?
altered reality
71
What age group is schizophrenia prevalent in?
young adults are most commonly afflicted (reality is altered; perception is altered) EPISODIC
72
What is alogia (seen with schizophrenia)?
poverty of speech
73
What is avolition (seen with schizophrenia)?
lack of purposeful action or motivation
74
What are the different types of schizophrenia?
``` disorganized catatonic paranoid schizophreniform paraphrenia ```
75
What is disorganized schizophrenia?
unpredictable mood shifts (old term is hebephrenic)
76
What is catatonic schizophrenia?
rigid posture, expression flat affect, "masked facies" (frozen)
77
What is paranoid schizophrenia?
delusions of persecution
78
What is schizophreniform (schizophrenia)?
adolescent/young adult onset, contradictory messages, short event (6 mo)
79
What is paraphrenia schizophrenia?
geriatric (ex. paranoid that doctors are out to get them)
80
What is a psychopath (old school term)?
no regard for self or others, abnormal lack of empathy | combines with strong amoral conduct masked by an ability to appear outwardly normal
81
What is a sociopath/antisocial personality?
believes they are superior, grandiose, lack remorse, shallow emotions (need stimulation), pathological liar, violent
82
What is dissociative disorder?
multiple personalities; usually due to childhood trauma and can be a short term event (create new personalities to escape reality)
83
What are somatoform disorders?
physical complaint with no organic pathology this is an entirely unconscious process (exaggerate- making things worse than they are)
84
What is dysmorphic disorder?
convinced of a body flaw (real or imagined) and becomes preoccupied with it (eg. anorexia nervosa or gender disorder)
85
What are food disorders?
anorexia nervosa- fear of fat bulimia- binge and purge (barrett's) pica- no nutritional value
86
What is conversion disorder?
psychic conflict causing physical symptoms- single physical impairment cause by emotional event (hysteria)
87
What is seen with a hypochondriac?
preoccupation with personal health or contracting illness
88
What is somatization disorder (aka briquet's syndrome)?
females under 30 (usually starts in adolescence), multiple systems, confusing (multi visceral)
89
What is somatoform pain disorder (aka psychogenic pain disorder)?
underlying emotional process, pain often allows escape from responsibility
90
What is morgelloan's disease?
delusional parasitosis, believes they are invaded by insects, parasites, hair, etc...
91
What is munchausen syndrome?
individual exaggerates personal complaints
92
What is munchausen by proxy?
caregiver inflicts harm on individuals they are caring for
93
What are anxiety disorders?
constant worry and fear
94
What is general anxiety disorder?
constant excessive fear, hypervigilant
95
What are the symptoms of general anxiety disorder?
twitching, sweating, dry mouth, headache, stomach ache, urinary frequency
96
What can general anxiety disorder cause?
heart failure, head injury, hormone imbalance, endocrine disease, pneumonia and COPD
97
What are panic attacks seen with?
general anxiety disorder (GAD) phobias obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
98
What are the two types of phobias?
social and specific | most people know their fear is unreasonable
99
What is a social phobia?
provoked by people or performance issues
100
What is a specific phobia?
provoked by object or situation
101
What is obsessive/compulsive disorder?
``` repetitive thoughts (obsession) repetitive actions (compulsion)- actions include cleaning, checking, repeating, hoarding, arranging, mental rituals ```
102
What is post traumatic stress disorder?
fear an anxiety followed by a traumatic event (flashbacks and sleep disorders are common) can get fibromyalgia (tender points), MFS (trigger points), and restless leg syndrome (RLS)
103
What is neurosis?
in reality most of the time, hard on themselves low self-esteem defense mechanisms are working overtime (treatment is to support and enlighten)
104
What is a masochist?
someone who likes abuse
105
What is a sadist?
someone who inflicts abuse
106
What is a voyeur?
someone who enjoys watching
107
What is an exhibitionist?
someone who enjoys showing
108
What are three common childhood disorders?
fetal alcohol syndrome autism attention deficit disorder
109
What is commonly seen with fetal alcohol syndrome?
microcephaly poor development antisocial
110
What is autism?
preoccupation with ones own thoughts (private world) slow language development amoxicillin and vaccinations
111
How do you diagnose autism?
``` no smiling (seen around 6 months) no babble (seen around 12 months) Repeated phrases (seen at 24 months) Language issues * ```
112
What is attention deficit disorder?
impulsive pattern inattentive often dyslexic, reading and sleep disorders are common active leg decreases deep sleep poor focus and academics
113
What are defense mechanisms?
coping methods (things you DO)
114
What is a reaction formation?
transfer one drive to opposite expression
115
What is displacement?
acting out emotion on someone else
116
What is denial?
NO feelings
117
What is repression?
IGNORING feelings (co-dependent)
118
What is regression?
acting younger
119
What is projection?
give undesirable traits away (playing the blame game)
120
What is rationalizing behavior?
excuse for behavior
121
What is a transference behavior?
transfer of emotions to a doctor | Counter transference is the reverse (doctor transfers emotions to patient)
122
What is sublimation?
replace socially unacceptable behavior with a more acceptable but similar one (Like the rocky movie) "Make the Crime Sublime"
123
What are personality disorders?
"in between"- neurotics and psychotics | Things you ARE
124
What is narcissism?
self love (me, myself and I)
125
What is an avoidant personality?
feels inadequate, isolates
126
What is a paranoid personality?
believes everyone is out to get them
127
What is a phobic personality?
afraid of a particular thing, event, etc.
128
What is a schizotypal personality?
peculiar dress, magical thinking and beliefs
129
What is a passive-aggressive personality?
forgets on purpose (disguised anger)
130
What is a histrionic personality?
overly dramatic, victim | often seductive
131
What is a borderline personality disorder?
``` lacks primary (linear) thinking process manipulates facts ```
132
What is psychotherapy?
analyze underlying issues
133
What is milieu therapy?
lifestyle change, in-patient, half-way house, etc (change environment)
134
What is ECT?
electroconvulsive shock therapy | severe depression
135
What is generalization therapy?
many different stimulus lead to the same response, slow exposure
136
What is humanistic therapy?
psychotherapy, focused on self actualizing, and personal growth (gestalt, client oriented, etc.)
137
What is maslow therapy?
hierarchy of needs- abraham maslow (physiological needs-self actualization)
138
What is freud therapy
dream analysis, free association, hypnotherapy, unconscious entities
139
What are the different unconscious entities seen in freud therapy?
ID (kid, unconscious primitive) EGO (reality, control) Super EGO (unconscious conscience, guilt)
140
What is Jung Therapy?
Psychoanalysis (student of freud)
141
What is a behaviorist point of view?
environmental controls behavior, habits and training
142
What is behavioral medicine?
desensitization, flooding, aversion, reinforcements, shaping
143
What are the three types of behavioral medicine?
Aversion, Avoidance, and Conditioning
144
What is aversion (behavioral medicine)?
associate behavior with negative consequences
145
What is avoidance (behavioral medicine)?
avoid person, place and things associated with behavior
146
What are the different types of conditioning (behavioral medicine)?
classical, modeling, and operant conditioning
147
What is classical conditioning?
``` "PAVLOVs Dogs" (expensive procedure) Unconditioned stimulus- food Unconditioned reflex- salivate to food Conditioned stimulus- bell Conditioned reflex- salivate to bell Stimulus and responser are similar ```
148
What is modeling conditioning?
environment influence video music
149
What is operant conditioning?
``` By Skinner "pay offs" (cheaper procedure) to change behavior stimulus and response are unrelated Negative- fastest Positive- Longest ```
150
Is standford binet (IQ) test an adult or child test?
adult
151
Is WISC (IQ) test and adult or child test?
child
152
What type of test is MMPI?
a personality test
153
What type of test is Rorschach?
projective test | INK BLOTS
154
What is an MMSE test?
a memory and mental status test
155
With first AID, what is the first thing you do?
GET HELP (before the ABCs)
156
What are the ABCs of first aid?
Assessment/airway Breathing Circulation
157
What do you do during the assessment/airway portion of the ABCs?
evaluate consciousness and condition, check airway
158
What is done during the breathing portion of the ABCs?
2 puffs => reposition =>2 puffs => (jaw thrust)
159
What is done during the circulation portion of the ABCs?
check pulse | CPR (up to 20 minutes)
160
Emetics are _____ given for gasoline poisoning?
NEVER given (causes you to vomit and gas burns going in and out so you don't want to give those)
161
What is the most common emetic?
Ipecac
162
What is the mildest emetic?
salt water
163
What is the safest substance to treat alkaline or acid poisoning?
water
164
If ingesting bleach or other cleaning chemicals, what should not be done?
Should not VOMIT IT OUT
165
What is the universal antidote?
activated charcoal
166
Is activated charcoal an ABsorbent or ADsorbent?
ADsorbent (whatever you want to get out is just added to the activated charcoal instead of absorbed into the charcoal)
167
What should activated charcoal NOT be used for?
alcohol iodine, boric acid and alkalies lithium (metallic compounds) sulphur, DDT
168
What is the universal sign for choking?
hands on throat
169
If someone is choking, they are conscious and have sound, what do you do?
DO NOT HELP
170
If someone is choking, they are conscious and have no sound, what do you do?
Give the person the Heimlich (aka conscious abdominal thrust)
171
What do you do for an unconscious choking infant?
give back blow and finger sweep
172
What do you do for an unconscious choking adult?
give abdominal thrusts (just above the umbilicus)
173
What is seen with anaphylactic shock?
swollen tongue
174
When does anaphylactic shock usually occur?
When you are exposed a second time!
175
What is seen with hypovolemic shock?
blood loss
176
What happens when someone has early signs of anaphylactic shock?
restless or irritable, cool, clammy skin and rapid pulse
177
What happens when someone has late signs of anaphylactic shock?
thready pulse, shallow rapid breathing, blue skin and dilated pupils
178
What is the death warning sign with anaphylactic shock?
Decreased Blood pressure
179
What happens with carbon dioxide poisoning?
Not enough O2, cyanosis occurs | RARE
180
What happens with carbon monoxide poisoning?
hemoglobin binds to carbon molecule "cherry red lips or skin" cyanosis (MOST COMMON poisoning)
181
Where is Community Acquired MRSA seen?
in kids, athletes, skin and lungs
182
Where is MRSA seen?
in hospitals, nursing home, the debilitated, and in joints
183
In first aid, what do you do when someone has a fracture?
do no approximate | Immobilize in position found
184
In first aid, what do you do when someone has a head injury?
determine if conscious | sharp stimulus on food (to check consciousness)
185
What occurs when someone has heat cramps?
NO temp change (hot and sweaty)
186
What occurs when someone has heat exhaustion?
elevated temperature | cool and wet skin
187
What occurs when someone has a heat stroke?
elevated temperatures | hot and dry skin
188
What is seen with a first degree burn?
red
189
What is seen with a second degree burn?
blister
190
What is seen with a third degree burn?
desquamation

Part II Boards (4 decks)

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