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Part 2/3 boards > General Diagnosis 7 > Flashcards

General Diagnosis 7 Flashcards

1
Q

RBC

A

absolute number of circulating RBCs per unit volume of blood

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2
Q

normal levels of RBC

A

4-6 million/cm3

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3
Q

RBC increased

A

primary polycythemia vera

relative/secondary (high altitude)

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4
Q

RBC decreased

A

anemia

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5
Q

Hb

A

direct measure of weight of hemoglobin/unit volume of blood

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6
Q

normal levels of Hb

A

15 gm%

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7
Q

Hb increased

A

dehydration
loss of blood fluid volume
polycythemia vera

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8
Q

Hb decreased

A

anemia

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9
Q

Hct

A

packed cell volume

ratio of the volume of RBCs to that of whole blood

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10
Q

Hct normal

A

42 +/- 5%

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11
Q

increased Hct

A

dehydration

polycythemia vera

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12
Q

decreased Hct

A

anemia

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13
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume

calculated measure of the size of the average circulating RBC

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14
Q

normal MCV

A

90

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15
Q

increased MCV

A

macrocytic anemia

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16
Q

decreased MCV

A

microcytic anemia

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17
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular Hb concentration

average concentration of Hb in a given volume of packed cells

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18
Q

normal MCHC

A

33

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19
Q

increased MCHC

A

macrocytic anemia

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20
Q

decreased MCHC

A

microcytic anemia

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21
Q

platelets

thrombocytes

A

absolute quantification of circulating thrombocytes/volume

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22
Q

normal platelets/thrombocytes

A

200,000-350,000mm3

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23
Q

increased platelets/thrombocytes

A

polycythemia
trauma
blood loss

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24
Q

decreased platelets/thrombocytes

A

anemia

extenive burns or thrombocytopenia

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25
Q

WBC

A

absolute quantification of total circul WBC/unit of blood

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26
Q

normal WBC

A

5-10,000mm3

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27
Q

increased WBC

A

acute infetion
inflammation
leukemia (over 50,000)

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28
Q

decreased WBC

A

overwhelming infection

viral conditions

29
Q

increased neutrophils

A

bacterial infection

30
Q

increased lymphocytes

31
Q

increased monocytes

A

chronic inflammation

32
Q

increased eosinophils

A

allergies, parasites

33
Q

increased basophils

A

heparin production

histamine release

34
Q

anemias that have excessive hemolysis

A

sickle cell anemia
thalassemia (mediterranean anemia)
erythroblastosis fetalis

35
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

presents with nucleated RBCs
caused by Hgb S and seen in 10% of African Americans
normocytic normochromic

36
Q

Thalassemia

A

presents with microcytic, target cells
caused by decreased beta chain synthesis and is seen in mediterranean, north africa, south and east asia
AKA cooley’s anemia

37
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

caused by an Rh+ father adn Rh- mother

38
Q

anemias with defective erythropoiesis

A

megaloblastic anemia
iron deficiency anemia
aplastic anemia

39
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

macrocytic normochromic
B9/folic acid
progresses to posterolateral sclerosis of SC, which is also known as, combined systems disease

40
Q

B12/cyanocobolamin pernicious anemia

A

lack of IF due to chronic atrophic gastric mucosa

41
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

hypochromic microcytic

seen with chronic blood loss and pregnancy

42
Q

aplastic anemia

A

normocytic normochromic
panhypoplasia of bone marrow, decreased in all blood cells
seen with drugs, chemotherapy, radiation, multiple myeloma, RA, leukopenia, acute blood loss, benzene poisoning, thrombocytopenia

43
Q

straw urine

44
Q

red urine

A

blood or food pigments (infection, cancer, or food dyes)

45
Q

green urine

A

biliverdin (biliary duct obstruction, pseudomonas infection, pad protein digestion)

46
Q

blue urine

A

diuretic therapy, pseudomonas infection, bad protein digestion

47
Q

brown urine

A

bile bigments or blod (biliary duct obstruction, occult blood, homogenistic acid)

48
Q

black urine

A

homogentistic acid

urobilin (ochronosis, hemolysis, bacteria)

49
Q

hazy or cloudy urine

A

epithelia cells, WBCs, RBCs, crystals, sperm, microorganisms

50
Q

milky urine

A

WBCs or fat

51
Q

normal urine PH

52
Q

normal specific gravity

53
Q

specific gravity increases with

A

bacterial infection
diabetes mellitus
kidney abnormalities

54
Q

normal glucose in urine

A

non detected

renal threshold >180mg

55
Q

glucose in the urine indicates

A

diabetes mellitus, shock, head injury, pancreatic disease

renal tubular disease

56
Q

ketones in urine

A

normal is none

renal threshold is >180mg

57
Q

ketones in urine indicates

A

starvation
diabetes mellitus
weight loss diets
inadequate carb intake

58
Q

normal protein in urine

A

none detected

59
Q

protein in urine indicates

A

kidney disorders
toxemia of pregnancy
diabetes mellitus
multiple myeloma

60
Q

urobilinogen

A

normal .1-1 unit/mL

61
Q

increased urobilinogen

A

hemolytic disease

hepatic disease

62
Q

decreased urobilinogen

A

biliary obstruction

63
Q

bilirubine

A

normal is non detected

increased with hepatic disease or biliary obstruction

64
Q

blood in urine

A

normal: none detected

increased with tumors, truama, kidney infection, kidney stones, HTN, bleeding disorders

65
Q

hyaline casts

66
Q

epithelial casts

A

tubular dama

67
Q

RBC casts

A

glomerulonephritis

68
Q

WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

69
Q

waxy casts

A

renal failure, nephrosis

Part 2/3 boards (16 decks)

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