General Diagnosis 2 Flashcards
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor of CN VIII (schwanoma)
hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, presence of tumor on CT or MRI
acute mastoiditis
bacterial infection in the mastoid process
presents clinically with same signs and symptoms of acute otitis media, with the addition of iflammation and aplaptory tenderness over the mastoid
hearing loss is commonly associated
acute otitis externa
an infection of the outer ear.
because this condition is often associated with sweimming, especially if the water is contaminated, it is frequently referred to as swimmer’s ear. the individual will experience inflammation and pain of outer ear. tugging on pinna will be painful
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
brief episode of vertigo brought on by a change of head position
diagosed by having the patient perform the dix-hallpike maneuver. the patient rapidly moves from sitting to supine with the head turned 45 degrees to left and wait 30 seconds
repeat on right if nystagmus is present
eustachian tube block
retraction of tympanic membrane
meniere’s disease
disorder characterized by recurrent prostrating vertigo, sensory hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear
presbycussis
sensorineural eharing loss that occurs in people as they age and they may be affected by genetic or acquired factors
purulent otitis media
AKA bacterial otitis medial
bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear
tympanic membrane presents with a red appearance, dilated blood vessels and bulging
serous otitis media
effusion in middle ear resulting from incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
condition is usually chronic and fluid is amber with bubbles
tinnitus
presence of ringing of ears
vertigo
abnormal sensation of rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
normal hearing test results
weber has equal sounds bilaterally
rinne test: AC>BC (Rinne+)
conduction hearing loss
lateralizes to invovled ear
AC
sensorineural hearing loss
lateralizes to uninvolved ear
AC>BC with less time in bad ear
allergic rhinitis
nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boddy
atrophic rhinitis
thinning of nasal mucosa with sclerosis, crust formation and foul odor
polyps
typically occur as a consequence of chornic inflammation of nasal mucosa
viral rhinitis
nasal mucosa appears red and swollen with clear runny nose
angular stomatits
AKA cheilosis
red sores at corner of mouth that are referred to as angular chelitis/stomatits
can be caused by a vitamin B12 (riboflavin) deficiency
atrophic glossitis
deficiency of B vitamins or iron that causes tongue to appear smooth and glossy
candidiasis
AKA thrush
thick white fungal patches that are easily scraped off
fissured tongue
AKA scrotal tongue
deep furrows on the surface of the tongue that is considered a normal variant
leukoplakia
pre-cancerous lesions of white patiches that are adherent to the surface and not easily removed
acromegaly
excessive production of growth hormone beginning in middle age. results in abnormal growth in hands, feet and facial bones
gigantism
excessive production of growth hormone prior to skeletal maturation
hyperthyroidism
most commonly cuased by grave’s disease
TSH production is decreased and thyroid formones (T3/T4) are produced in excess
hypothyroidism
AKA myxedema
hashimoto’s thyroiditis MC cause in US
congenital hypothyroid is called cretinism and causes a diminished physical and mental capacity
hyperthyroidism symptoms
weight loss with increased appetitie irritable and nervous intolerance to heat moist skin and fine hair exopthalmosis possible neck swelling due to goiter increased T3, T4, decreased TSH
hypothyroidism symptoms
weight gain and decreased appetite depression, weakness and fatigue intolerance to cold coarse dry hair and skin preorbital edema macroglossia and loss of lateral 1/3 eyebrows decreased T3, T4, increased TSH
age and sex of those who usually get common migraines
childhoot and early adulthood females
age and sex of classic migraine
childhood and early adulthood
females
age of HTN
adult
age and sex of cluster headaches
adolescent to adults
males
age and sex of muscular tension
any age
any sex
temporal arteritis age
over 50 years
cervicogenic age
adult
what is the age for sinus, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, brain tumor, meningeal irritation, hypoglycemic, postconcussive headaches
any age
which headaches are unilateral?
common migraine
classic migraine
cluster (orbital, temporal)
temporal arteritis (temporal)
site for HTN headache?
occipital
vertex
site for muscular tension
band like
site for cervicogenic
occipital
UC
sinus headache site
localized and changes with body position
site for subarachnoid hemorrhage
basilar area
site of brain tumor headache
any place and changes with body position
site for meningeal irriation
neck
site for hypoglycemic headache
generalized
site for post concussive
localized general pain
characteristics for common migraine
photophobia throbbing worse behind one eye nausea/vomiting familial decrease with advancing age, pregnancy
characteristics for classic migrain
photophobia throbbing worse behind one eye nausea/vomiting familial decrease with advancing age, pregnancy
characteristics for HTN headache
throbbing
wake up with ehadache
characteristics for cluster headach
wake up at night with headache lasts 15-180 minutes rihorrhea lacrimation facial sweating red eye miosis not aggravated by exertion flushed face
characterisics of muscle tension headach
pressure, muscle tightness
characteristic for temporal arteritis
persistent burning aching, throbbing
cervicogenic characteristics
daily
decreased ROM in UC and occiput
pain in neck, referred to head
characteristics of sinus
steady throb
local tenderness
worse in morning
characteristics of subarachnoid hemorrhag
abrupt onset
constant
stiff neck
excruciating pain like never before
characteristics of subdural hematoma
slow bleed following trauma
s/s evident days-weeks post injury
characteristc of brain tumor
onset moring and evening, mild to severe, throbbing, progressively worse
characteristics of meningeal iritation
intense deep pain never experienced before stiff neck fever
characteristic of post concussive
loss of memory
visual disturbances
common migraines and classic migraines provoked by
bright light chocolate cheese tension red inwe menstrual cycle too much/too little sleep
HTN caused by?
decreased weight
decreased salt
cluster caused by?
alcohol
seasonal
muscular tension caused by
fatigue
tension
stress
work
temoral arteritis provoked by?
scalp sensitive
tender arteries
cervicogenic caused by
head movement
sinus caused by
chronic sinusitis
subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by
HTN, stress
subdural hematoma caused by?
truama
brain tumor caused by?
tumor growth
meningeal irritation caused by?
flexion
follow up common migraine
dietary log
adjust
avoid provoking factors
HTN follow up
blood pressure
lipid profile
follow up temporal arteries
ESR elevated
biopsy
followup cervicogenic headache
flex/extend headaches
follow up subarachnoid hemorrhage
high BP
fever
follow up meningeal irritaiton
kernig/brudzinski
CSF tap
