General Diagnosis 2 Flashcards
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor of CN VIII (schwanoma)
hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, presence of tumor on CT or MRI
acute mastoiditis
bacterial infection in the mastoid process
presents clinically with same signs and symptoms of acute otitis media, with the addition of iflammation and aplaptory tenderness over the mastoid
hearing loss is commonly associated
acute otitis externa
an infection of the outer ear.
because this condition is often associated with sweimming, especially if the water is contaminated, it is frequently referred to as swimmer’s ear. the individual will experience inflammation and pain of outer ear. tugging on pinna will be painful
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
brief episode of vertigo brought on by a change of head position
diagosed by having the patient perform the dix-hallpike maneuver. the patient rapidly moves from sitting to supine with the head turned 45 degrees to left and wait 30 seconds
repeat on right if nystagmus is present
eustachian tube block
retraction of tympanic membrane
meniere’s disease
disorder characterized by recurrent prostrating vertigo, sensory hearing loss, tinnitus, and a feeling of fullness in the ear
presbycussis
sensorineural eharing loss that occurs in people as they age and they may be affected by genetic or acquired factors
purulent otitis media
AKA bacterial otitis medial
bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear
tympanic membrane presents with a red appearance, dilated blood vessels and bulging
serous otitis media
effusion in middle ear resulting from incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
condition is usually chronic and fluid is amber with bubbles
tinnitus
presence of ringing of ears
vertigo
abnormal sensation of rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
normal hearing test results
weber has equal sounds bilaterally
rinne test: AC>BC (Rinne+)
conduction hearing loss
lateralizes to invovled ear
AC
sensorineural hearing loss
lateralizes to uninvolved ear
AC>BC with less time in bad ear
allergic rhinitis
nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boddy
atrophic rhinitis
thinning of nasal mucosa with sclerosis, crust formation and foul odor
polyps
typically occur as a consequence of chornic inflammation of nasal mucosa
viral rhinitis
nasal mucosa appears red and swollen with clear runny nose
angular stomatits
AKA cheilosis
red sores at corner of mouth that are referred to as angular chelitis/stomatits
can be caused by a vitamin B12 (riboflavin) deficiency
atrophic glossitis
deficiency of B vitamins or iron that causes tongue to appear smooth and glossy
candidiasis
AKA thrush
thick white fungal patches that are easily scraped off
fissured tongue
AKA scrotal tongue
deep furrows on the surface of the tongue that is considered a normal variant
leukoplakia
pre-cancerous lesions of white patiches that are adherent to the surface and not easily removed
acromegaly
excessive production of growth hormone beginning in middle age. results in abnormal growth in hands, feet and facial bones
gigantism
excessive production of growth hormone prior to skeletal maturation
hyperthyroidism
most commonly cuased by grave’s disease
TSH production is decreased and thyroid formones (T3/T4) are produced in excess
hypothyroidism
AKA myxedema
hashimoto’s thyroiditis MC cause in US
congenital hypothyroid is called cretinism and causes a diminished physical and mental capacity
hyperthyroidism symptoms
weight loss with increased appetitie irritable and nervous intolerance to heat moist skin and fine hair exopthalmosis possible neck swelling due to goiter increased T3, T4, decreased TSH
hypothyroidism symptoms
weight gain and decreased appetite depression, weakness and fatigue intolerance to cold coarse dry hair and skin preorbital edema macroglossia and loss of lateral 1/3 eyebrows decreased T3, T4, increased TSH
age and sex of those who usually get common migraines
childhoot and early adulthood females
