General definitions

Question 1

Disability

Answer 1

It has always been seen through the eyes of the medical model excusing their voices being silenced and through campaigning, history is attempting to become more inclusive as less of a personal issue more societal

Question 2

Sexuality

Answer 2

The presentation of sexuality is impacted by the cultural laws with the growth of sexual control and stricter boundaries

Question 3

Gender

Answer 3

It plays a significant role in the rights, expectations and voices within history and through the historian

Question 4

Age

Answer 4

Its attitudes have changed over time due to expanded lifespans with medical advancements developing from key figures in the home with multi - generational families as healers and a source of wisdom to a nuisance as age becomes more socially constructed through media

Question 5

Rememberance

Answer 5

Nora emphasises it who states places certain sites within historical continuity but this can lead to weaknesses such as missing information and differences in overall collective memory

Question 6

Arts

Answer 6

Media, paintings, songs demonstrate the presentation of historical events (sometimes hyperbolic for historical effect) as mediums show what is popular and available such as through the growth of mobile phones

Question 7

Great men

Answer 7

This theory argues history is largely explained by the influence of great men who posses superior intellect, heroic courage, leadership abilities or divine inspiration inspiring myths surrounding their historical effect originally developed by Thomas Carlyle

Question 8

Slavery

Answer 8

It can have both positive and negative impacts because in USA and Britain, it led to an improved economy and labour rates but with a lack of care for rights or the cultural history of slaves

Question 9

The role of the state

Answer 9

It role and growth can be measured through the growth of government agencies, state officials, taxation and share of nation product, legislation and control of the economy through democracy enhancing political power over a population

Question 10

Nationhood

Answer 10

The connection of people that can form a culture based on events, context and surroundings

Question 11

The role of the monarchy

Answer 11

It can be seen as changing today due to technology and lack of belief in divine right. However, their impact can change based on the history, culture and political structure of a country as Juan Carlos IN Spain possessed the power to create changes through democracy after dictatorship

Question 12

Politics

Answer 12

It can have a deep impact on history through the growth of labour rights. The politics of government can influence historical policies. Politics can either create safety or conflict as during times of social unrest, the public can turn to extremities for a sense of safety

Question 13

Religion

Answer 13

A higher power of control is created through god(s) that can lead to debate

Question 14

Economics

Answer 14

It plays a significant role in historical decisions as Hodgson argues that historical context effects economic analysis

Question 15

Social

Answer 15

Social change and context can affect the perception of history

Question 16

National character

Answer 16

A nation with certain psychological traits and behaviours that are distinctive to members

Question 17

Empires

Answer 17

It has a significant impact on globalisation through creating a shared identity

Question 18

Technology

Answer 18

The growth of innovation have deeply affected the workings of society as well as historians such as primary sources now being digitalised

Question 19

Pandemics

Answer 19

Covid 19 illustrate the advancement of medical technology as well as the weaknesses of society through the links to the history of science

Question 20

Usurpers

Answer 20

It can be seen differently based on perspectives as a saviour from tyranny or reflect the roman and Greek label of tyrant consequently leading to civil unrest

Question 21

Ethnicity

Answer 21

Differences in ethnicity has led to ethnicity - based principles of classification leading to political violence, weakened democracy and eradication of voices

Question 22

A manifestation of values

Answer 22

It can help to portray a particular message such as McDonalds adverts in 1990s Russia be emphasising freedom helping to influence contemporary values

Question 23

Civil wars

Answer 23

It can significantly affect the economic development of a country by reducing income, resources affecting poverty reduction efforts leading to an economically weaker country

Question 24

Conflicts

Answer 24

Symbolise the extent of difference in ideals through a want of control altering the structure of society as their way of life have changes. This has led Coser to argue that is contributes to social change with the alterations of norms and technological advancements to boost war efforts

Question 25

Revolutions

Answer 25

Symbolise an amounting of frustration with the decisions and effectiveness of the state implying how it is a bottom down action

Question 26

Political extremism

Answer 26

As a result of individual differences in negativity biases thus biological, historical symbols and events can influence the attitudes of a nation and factors such as systematic corruption and ideological differences between the political elite and voters

Question 27

Imperialism

Answer 27

It allowed the redrawing of global political boundaries, the exploitation of resources and people for trade routes and a global standarisation of cultural expressions

Question 28

Colonialism

Answer 28

It has led to a power disparity slowing the progression of particularly African countries to first world countries as culture, history especially genealogy and economic outcome was reduced