General Chemistry

Question 1

What are the properties of Ionic Compounds?

Answer 1

They are usually crystalline solids They have high melting and boiling points They conduct electricity when molten Many of therm are soluble in water

Question 2

What are the properties of Covalent Compounds?

Answer 2

They have a low melting or boiling point They are poor electrical conductors They are not soluble in water

Question 3

What effect does an increase in Carbon atoms have on the boiling point of a compound?

Answer 3

More carbon atoms increases the frequency of inter-molecular forces and usually raises the boiling point of a compound

Question 4

What is the functional group?

Answer 4

Amide

Question 5

What is the functional group?

Answer 5

Ester CO2-R

Question 6

What is the functional group?

Answer 6

Aldehyde

Question 7

What is the functional group?

Answer 7

Keytone

Question 8

What is the functional group?

Answer 8

Amine

Question 9

C=C bonds are most likely to undergo what type of reaction?

Answer 9

An addition reaction.

Question 10

What is a polar protic solvent? Give an example

Answer 10

A solvent that has H+ protons to give away.

Water

Alcohols

Question 11

Reactions of an Alkane

Answer 11

Addition to Halokane

Cracking to an Alkene

Question 12

Reactions of Haloalkane

Answer 12

Substitution

NaOH to make Alcohols

KCN, ethanoic acid to make Nitrile

Conc NH3 heat in sealed tube to make an Amine

Question 13

Reactions of an Amine

Answer 13

Non Reactive

Question 14

Reactions of a Nitrile functional group

Answer 14

Reduction - Produces an Amine

Hydrolosis - Produces an Amide or Carboxylic Acid

Question 15

What are the Reactions of an Amide functional group?

Answer 15

Elimination Reaction to produce a Nitrile

Hydrolisis produces Carboxylic Acid

Question 16

Reactions of a Carboxylic Acid Group

Answer 16

Reduction to an Alcohol

Substitution to an Acyl Chloride

Elimination to an Acid Anhydride

Addition to an Ester

Question 17

Reactions of an Ester functional group

Answer 17

Hydrolisis to a Carboxylic acid

Question 18

Reactions of a Keytone functional group

Answer 18

Reduction to an Alcohol

Question 19

Reaction of an Ether functional group

Answer 19

Non Reactive

Question 20

Reactions of an Aldehyde functional group

Answer 20

Oxidation to a Carboxylic Acid

Reduction to an Alcohol

Question 21

Reactions of an Alcohol Functional Group

Answer 21

Oxidation to form a Keytone or Carboxylic Acid

Elimination to form an Alkene or Ether

Question 22

What is a Carbocation?

Answer 22

A positively charged Carbon aton.

One that may have lost an electron in a oxidation reaction

Question 23

Markovnicov’s rule

Answer 23

The carbon that has the most hydrogens is more stable. Reactions favour the less stable bond

Question 24

When groups are on the same side the molecule is refered to as what?

Answer 24

Cis Isomer

The planar is always along the double bond

Question 25

When groups are on opposite sides the molecule is refered to as what?

Answer 25

*Trans* Isomer The planar is always along the double bond

Question 26

What is a glycosidic bond?

Answer 26

In chemistry, a glycosidic bond is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another group, which may or may not be another carbohydrate.

Question 27

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 27

A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

Question 28

What three groups can be hydrolised to a carboxylic acid?

Answer 28

Amide Ester Nitrile Acyl Chloride Acid Anhydride