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1ST SEM, MIDTERMS > General Chemistry 1 > Flashcards

General Chemistry 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of MATTER: its PROPERTIES, the CHANGES IT UNDERGOES and THE ENERGY that accompany those processes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

anything that OCCUPIES SPACE and HAS MASS

A

Matter

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3
Q

A MEASURE of the QUANTITY OF MATTER in a sample of any material

A

Mass

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4
Q

the CAPACITY TO DO WORK or TO CAUSE DISPLACEMENT

A

Energy

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5
Q

A CHARACTERISTIC that allows us to RECOGNIZE A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE and distinguish it from others

A

Property

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6
Q

are properties that can
be observed in the ABSENCE OF ANY CHANGE IN COMPOSITION

A

Physical Properties

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7
Q

are properties
exhibited by matter as it UNDERGOES IN CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITON

A

Chemical Properties

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8
Q

properties that DO NOT DEPEND on the AMOUNT of matter

A

Intensive Properties

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9
Q

examples for Intensive Properties (4)

A

boiling point, melting point, density, and temperature

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10
Q

properties that DEPEND on the AMOUNT of matter

A

Extensive Properties

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11
Q

examples for Extensive Properties (3)

A

mass, length, and number of moles

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12
Q

A PROCESS that changes the physical property of a substance, without change in composition

A

Physical Change

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13
Q

A PROCESS where one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances

A

Chemical Change

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14
Q

combinations of TWO OR MORE PURE SUBSTANCES in which each
substance RETAINS ITS OWN COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES

A

Mixtures

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15
Q
  • fixed composition
  • cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical methods
  • can only be changed in identity and properties by chemical methods
  • properties do not vary
A

Pure Substances

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16
Q
  • have same composition throughout
  • components are indistinguishable
    (one clear solution)

what type of mixture?

A

Homogeneous Mixtures

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17
Q
  • do not have the same composition throughout
  • components are distinguishable
    (two distinguishable parts)
A

Heterogeneous Mixtures

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18
Q

CAN BE decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in definite ratio

A

Compounds

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19
Q

CANNOT BE broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes

A

Elements

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20
Q

the SMALLEST PARTICLE of an
element THAT RETAINS ITS CHEMICAL IDENTITY through all chemical and physical changes

A

Atom

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21
Q

Atoms can combined together as what?

A

Molecules

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22
Q

what device spins LIQUID SAMPLES at high speeds forcing THE DENSER MATERIALS TO TRAVEL TOWARDS THE BOTTOM of the tube

A

Centrifuge

23
Q

WHY can mixtures be separated by its physical means?

A

because each component
retains its properties

24
Q

Examples of Physical Properties

A

Water, Luster, Hardness, Ductile, Malleable, Conducive, Density, Solubility, Melting point, and Boiling point

25
Q

Examples of Chemical Properties

A

flammable, radioactive, oxidizer, corrosive, toxic, explosive, and PH

26
Q

Examples of Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Oil + Water, Sand + Water, Toss Salad with Ranch

27
Q

Examples of Homogeneous

A

Salt water, Brass (Zn + Cu), Air, and Rubbing Alcohol

28
Q

“There is no observable change in the quantity of matter (or
mass) during a chemical reaction or during a physical change.”

What LAW?

A

The Law of Conversion of Mass

29
Q

Who published the Law of Conversion of Mass and is the Father of Chemistry?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

30
Q

“Different samples of any pure compound contain the same
elements in the same proportions by mass”

What LAW?

A

The Law of Definite Proportions

31
Q

Who proposed The Law of Definite Proportions?

A

Joseph Proust

32
Q

Each element is composed of extremely small indivisible
particles called ? (John Dalton’s Atomic Theory)

A

Atoms

33
Q

Atoms of an element are ________(?); atoms of one element are
________(?) from the atoms of other elements (John Dalton’s Atomic Theory)

A

Identical and Different

34
Q

Atoms of one element cannot be changed into that of different
element by ___________(?) (John Dalton’s Atomic Theory)

A

Chemical Reactions

35
Q

________(?) are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same
relative number and kind of atoms. (John Dalton’s Atomic Theory)

A

Compound

36
Q

What does the symbol (Z) represents?

A

Atomic Number

37
Q

Mass Number symbol

A

(A)

38
Q

What does the Atomic Number (Z) means?

A

(the number of protons) in the nucleus of each atom of an element

39
Q

What does the Mass Number (A) means?

A

(total number of neutrons and protons) present in the nucleus of an atom of element

40
Q

What symbol represents the element?

A

(X)

41
Q

All atoms can be identified by?

A

by the numbers of protons and nuetrons

42
Q

In a neutral (uncharged) atom, the number of electrons is equal to?

A

the number of protons

43
Q

________ is an atom that carries an electric charge due to either a loss or gain of electrons

A

Ion

44
Q

POSITIVELY charged due to LOSS of electrons

A

Cation

45
Q

NEGATIVELY charged due to GAIN of electrons

A

Anions

46
Q

atoms of the same element containing the (same number of protons
but different numbers of neutrons.)

A

Isotopes

47
Q

Elements could be classified through?

A

Metallic properties

48
Q

Describe METAL and its characteristics

A

Metals have a shiny appearance. They are malleable and ductile,
and are good conductors of heat and electricity

49
Q

Describe NONMETAL and its characteristics

A

Nonmetals are gases, liquids, or
powder or crystalline solids. They are insulators

50
Q

Describe METALLOIDS and its characteristics

A

Metalloids are elements that have physical properties resembling a
metal, but the chemical reactivity of a nonmetal.

51
Q

Rows in the periodic table are called?

A

period

52
Q

Columns in the periodic table are called?

A

groups

53
Q
A

1ST SEM, MIDTERMS (5 decks)

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