Biotechnology

Question 1

Microorganisms are what?

Answer 1

Tiny living things

Question 2

How can you differentiate microorganisms?

Answer 2

Through their diverse morpological and metabolic characteristics

Question 3

Microorganisms may differ in their cellular organisation. (EXAMPLE)

Answer 3

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 4

Differentiate prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 4

Prokaryotes
UNICELLAR
NO NUCLEUS
DNA thru CYTOPLASM

Eukaryotes
MULTICELLULAR
PRESENCE OF NUCLEUS
DNA (thru nucleus)

Question 5

Microorganisms may exhibit different nutritional requirements.(EXAMPLE)

Answer 5

autotropic and heterotrophic

Question 6

(Describe) Autotropic and Heterotrophic

Answer 6

Autotropic
CAN produce their OWN food and energy

Heterotrophic
CANNOT make their own food and energy

Question 7

Their method of respiration may vary according to type (EXAMPLE)

Answer 7

aerobics and anaerobic

Question 8

Differentiate the characteristics of AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC

Answer 8

Aerobic
REQUIRES oxygen to survive

ANAEROBIC
DOES NOT require oxygen to survive

Question 9

They may have different structural characteristics (EXAMPLE)

Answer 9

shape or cell wall composition

Question 10

WHAT IS photoautotrops and explain

Answer 10

Photoautotrops is a MODE OF NUTRITION; it synthesize organic molecules through light energy

Question 11

Modes of Nutrition and its descriptions (4)

Answer 11

PHOTOAUTOTROPS
synthesize organic molecules through light energy

CHEMOAUTOTROPS
use energy from chemical oxidation or chemical process

HETETROPHS
obtain nutrients via feeding (amoeba)

SAPROTROPHS
they feed in decaying matter (non-living things)

Question 12

Obligate Anaerobes

Answer 12

they survive without oxygen

Question 13

Aerotolerant Anaerobes

Answer 13

they don’t need oxygen but they can survive with it

Question 14

Facultative Anaerobes

Answer 14

(Most flexible) They can survive with or without oxygen depending on its availability

Question 15

Which of the METHODS OF RESPIRATION can mass produce and why?

Answer 15

Facultative Anaerobes because they can survive with or without oxygen depending on its availability

Question 16

Obligate Aerobes

Answer 16

the respire with Oxygen

Question 17

To check or identify what bacteria we are testing based on cell wall composition

Answer 17

Gram Staining

Question 18

What color is Gram - Negative Bacteria?

Answer 18

Pink

Question 19

What color is Gram - Positive Bacteria?

Answer 19

Purple

Question 20

(3) Characteristics of Gram - Negative Bacteria

Answer 20

• resistant with antibiotics
• has two outer membrane
• has a thin layer of peptidoglycan

Question 21

(3) Characteristics of Gram - Positive Bacteria

Answer 21

• effect with antibiotics
• has single outer membrane
• has thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 22

have thick peptidoglycan layer which DEHYDRATED by ethanol, TRAPPING the crystal violet stain

Answer 22

Gram - Positive Bacteria

Question 23

have an outer lipid membrane which is DISSOLVED by ethanol, RELEASING the crystal violet stain

Answer 23

Gram - Negative Bacteria

Question 24

(4) Staining Procedure

Answer 24

1. Application of Crystal Violet
2. Application of Iodine (mordant)
3. Alcohol wash (decolorisation)
4. Application of safranin (counterstain)