General Characteristics ㅡ Nomenclature

Question 1

An __________ is a compound, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction.

Answer 1

enzyme

Question 2

Most enzymes are ________ proteins.

Answer 2

globular

Question 3

Enzymes can be divided into two general structural classes:

Answer 3

simple enzymes
conjugated enzymes

Question 4

A _______ is an enzyme composed only of protein (amino acid chains).

Answer 4

simple enzyme

Question 5

A ___________ is an enzyme that has a nonprotein part in addition to a protein part.

Answer 5

conjugated enzyme

Question 6

An __________ is the protein part of a conjugated enzyme.

Answer 6

apoenzyme

Question 7

A _________ is the nonprotein part of a conjugated enzyme.

Answer 7

cofactor

Question 8

A ___________ is the biochemically active conjugated enzyme produced from an apoenzyme and a cofactor.

Answer 8

holoenzyme

Question 9

A _________ is a small organic molecule that serves as a cofactor in a conjugated enzyme.

Answer 9

coenzyme

Question 10

A _______________ is the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

Answer 10

substrate

Question 11

An _____________ is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation–reduction reaction.

Answer 11

oxidoreductase

Question 12

_________________ is an oxidoreductase that removes hydrogen atoms from a molecule.

Answer 12

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 13

A ___________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Answer 13

transferase

Question 14

Two major subtypes of transferases are:

Answer 14

transaminases
kinases

Question 15

A __________ catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another.

Answer 15

transaminase

Question 16

__________, which play a major role in metabolic energy-production reactions, catalyze the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to give adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a phosphorylated product (a product containing an
additional phosphate group).

Answer 16

Kinases

Question 17

A ___________ is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction in which the addition of a water molecule to a bond causes the bond to break.

Answer 17

hydrolase

Question 18

_____________ effect the breaking of glycosidic bonds in oligo- and polysaccharides, ____________ effect
the breaking of peptide linkages in proteins, and ________ effect the breaking of ester linkages in triacylglycerols.

Answer 18

Carbohydrases
proteases
lipases

Question 19

A ________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group to a double bond or the removal of a group to form a double bond in a manner that does not involve
hydrolysis or oxidation

Answer 19

lyase

Question 20

A ___________ effects the removal of the components
of water from a double bond and a ________ effects the addition of the components of water to a double bond.

Answer 20

a. dehydratase
b. hydratase

Question 21

An _________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization (rearrangement of atoms) of a substrate in a reaction, converting it into a molecule isomeric with
itself.

Answer 21

isomerase

Question 22

A _________ is an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules into one with the participation of ATP

Answer 22

ligase