General Bullets Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of Shigellosis are:
Fever and crampy abdominal pain. Severe cases include bloody diarrhea requiring hospitalization for fluid support and other care.
A child with HIV+ blood should receive which type of polio vaccine?
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) rather than oral (OPV)
A client with a hiatal (esophageal) hernia should remain in what position after eating?
Upright
How often should a woman between the ages of 35 and 40 have a mammogram?
Once. Then yearly after age 40.
CO poisoning manifests with symptoms including:
headache, dizziness, nausea, and death
Legitimate power is:
derived from a position
Personal power:
derives from self-confidence
Reward power:
derives from the ability to provide incentives
Referent power:
derives from the desires of others to associate and affiliate
Coercive power:
derives from the ability to punish
The process of cultivating the belief in one’s own capability is:
Empowerment
Conditions such as Cushing’s syndrome, extensive burns, trauma, long-term steroidal use, excessive urination, inadequate intake of dietary potassium, and excessive alcohol intake can all cause:
hypokalemia
Renal failure and Addison’s disease cause hyperkalemia or hypokalemia?
hyperkalemia
Renal diseases, chronic alcoholism, and diuretic therapy cause hyper or hypomagnesemia?
Hypomagnesemia
End-stage renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, pheochromocytoma, and adrenal insufficiency cause hyper or hypo magnesemia?
Hypermagnesemia
Paget’s disease, cancer, excessive intake of Vitamin D, multiple fractures and hyperthyroidism cause hyper or hypocalcemia?
Hypercalcemia
Protracted bed rest and immobilization, acute pancreatitis, massive burns and infection, and hypothyroidism can hyper or hypocalcemia?
Hypocalcemia
Before undergoing the glucose-tolerance test, the client should consume a high-carbohydrate diet for how many days before the test?
3
The client should fast for how many hours before a fasting blood glucose test?
8
Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) usually indicates:
Renal damage
Urea is normally filtered out of the body through the :
Glomerulus
The normal values of CK-MB (heart enzyme) are:
0 - 7 U/L
The desirable total cholesterol level in an adult is below:
200 mg/dL
The desirable triglyceride level is below:
150 mg/dL
Acetaminophen, phenytoin, chloramphenicol, and theophylline have a normal blood range of:
10 to 20 mcg/mL
Pain that is resistant to cure is called:
Intractable pain
A type of treatment for intractable pain is a:
Nerve block
Expect the family to perform ritual cleaning and preparation of the body for a __________ client who has died.
Muslim
The family of a deceased client may remain with the body for 2 to 3 hours, or before:
rigor mortis
Recognizing the differences between one’s own culture and the culture of another is called:
cultural awareness
Renal failure, neurologic dysfunction, and death are complications associated with:
Systemic lupus erethematosus
An alkaline ash diet is prescribed to decrease pH. Foods on this diet include:
Fruits
vegetables
limited meats and fish
Milk
Components of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are:
Carbohydrates (glucose) amino acids lipids vitamins minerals electrolytes
To offset the high concentration of glucose, _____________ may be added to TPN.
insulin
To limit the formation of a fibrous clot at the tip of the catheter, _____________ may be added to TPN.
heparin
A weight gain greater than __________ per day for a client receiving I.V. fluids suggests excessive fluid intake.
1 lb (0.4 kg)/day
The _________ in the forearm act as a natural splint by providing support to an I.V. access site.
bones
Don’t select an _____________ on a paralyzed or traumatized arm.
I.V. site
Question any order that requires that dextrose solutions be administered to a _______________ patient.
diabetic
The basilica vein is normally used for a __________________.
PICC
Because the insertion of a PICC line is below the level of the heart, an air embolism is or is not an expected occurrence?
Is not
If a client has a high temperature, notify the physician before administering any:
blood product
No solution or product other than _______________ should be added to blood or blood product.
Normal saline
A running IV should be checked how often for children?
15 minutes
A running IV should be checked how often for adults?
30 minutes
To achieve postural drainage in an infant:
place a pillow on the nurse’s lap and lay the infant across it
Glycerin suppositories are given how many minutes before expected defecation time?
30
To limit bacterial growth, don’t provide more than _______ hours of feeding in the delivery system.
4
Don’t administer tube feedings if bowel sounds are:
absent
Ureteral and nephrostomy tubes should never be:
clamped
Notify the physician immediately when urine output from ureteral or nephrostomy tubes is less than __________ ml/hr or there is no urine output for __________ minutes.
30 mL/hr; 15 minutes
Placement of an ETT is confirmed by:
X-ray
Proper placement of an ETT is 1-2 cm above the:
carina
Drainage from a __________ tube shouldn’t exceed 200 mL/hr over 2 hours.
chest tube
Fertilization occurs in the:
upper section of the Fallopian tube
Fertilization occurs within 12 hours of ovulation and _________ hours of insemination.
72
The zygote implants about ______________ after ovulation.
1 week
The typical manifestation of an inguinal hernia is:
protrusion of a mass in the groin
Transferrin transports ___________ from the intestine into the ____________.
iron; blood
One of the most common adverse effects of antibiotic use is:
diarrhea
During a nasogastric tube feeding, the head of the bed should be elevated for ________ minutes to aid in the absorption process.
30
A child with cystic fibrosis should eat more ______, ________, ___________, and ___________ than a child without the disease.
calories
protein
vitamins
minerals
Expect bowel sounds to return with __________ hours after abdominal surgery.
12-24
The most effective method of increasing oral fluid intake is to frequently offer:
small amounts of favorite fluids
Elderly clients have a decreased need for ____________ due to a decrease in activity.
calories
The salicylate contained in aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate ___________________, especially in clients with peptic ulcer disease.
gastric mucosa
Processed fruits and vegetables have more ________________ than fresh fruits and vegetables.
sodium
Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the :
gallbladder
The liver produces ______________ mL of bile every day.
600-1200
Bile is needed to metabolize:
fat.
When bile is blocked or not produced in sufficient quantity, a typical clinical manifestation is:
fatty, bulky stools
Because of the risk of aspiration, a client receiving continuous nasogastric tube feedings should be placed in a :
reverse Trendelenburg (head-upward) position.
During the embryonic stage, the kidneys begin to form urine by the _______________ week of gestation.
12th
Infants subsisting on cow’s milk only don’t receive a sufficient amount of _____________, which will eventually lead to iron deficiency anemia.
iron (ferrous sulfate)
Painless enlargement of the testicle is the typical first sign of:
testicular cancer
Gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin) is __________ and can cause ________________.
ototoxic; hearing loss
To prevent exposure to rubella and other typical childhood infections, a ___________________ nurse shouldn’t work in a pediatric setting.
pregnant
In vitro exposure to ________________ can harm the fetus, resulting in deafness, heart murmurs, or cataracts.
rubella
Hepatitis A vaccine (HAV) administered ____________ exposure to the virus effectively prevents the disease.
before
The transdermal method has the _________________ absorption rate of all methods of administering medication.
slowest
The bacterium that causes acne is:
Propionibacterium acnes
_______________ are common in dark-skinned clients and usually disappear with age.
Mongolian spots
Erythema in a dark-skinned client appears ______________ or _____________ in color; in a light skinned client, erythema appears diffusely red.
dusky red or violet
Expect substantial bleeding in the hours after _____________ surgery.
abdominal
In the days after abdominal surgery, bleeding should advance from ___________ to _________________.
Sanguineous to serosanguineous
Steroidal bronchodilators increase the client’s risk for _______ because of a compromised ________________.
infection; immune system
Have a client rinse his mouth after use of steroidal bronchodilators to reduce the risk of acquiring an ___________________.
oral fungal infection
Clients who have had cataract extraction should move their heads slowly to avoid increasing:
intraocular pressure
A ___________________ should be placed in water and stored in the plastic container in which it was issued. The fluid doesn’t need to be sterile.
prosthetic eye
Before abdominal paracentesis, the client should void in order to minimize the risk of __________________.
rupturing the bladder
A breast-feeding mother should increase ___________ and __________ in her diet.
Calcium and protein
Nursing interventions that cause ___________ should be clustered together to minimize the frequency of painful experiences.
pain
Don’t obtain the client’s temperature orally when a client is receiving oxygen via a:
mask
Glucocorticoids promote _______________, so a client receiving such treatment should be on a low-___________ diet.
sodium retention; sodium
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by ___________.
tick bite
Rocky Mountain spotted fever manifests as prolonged:
fever and headaches
Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine is administered to children and infants to prevent:
bacterial pneumonia
bacterial meningitis
sepsis
epiglottitis
The initial treatment for a client with hemarthrosis is:
immobilization with the joint slightly flexed
Hemarthrosis is:
bleeding within a joint
Before pouring a sterile solution contained within a clean container into a sterile receptacle, the nurse should pour a small amount out to:
clean the lip
A child with undiagnosed infection should be placed in:
isolation
A pregnant women with ______________________ needs supplemental iron to maintain iron stores and enhance the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by increasing the hemoglobin.
sickle cell anemia
The initial and continuing assessment of a client who has suffered a dislocation includes assessing:
pulsations below the level of the dislocation
The best method of determining the client’s customs, traditions, and religious beliefs is to:
ask the client
The classic symptoms of meningitis are:
nuchal rigidity
severe headache
high temperature
Only the client can rate his own:
pain
If the physician writes a PRN order for pain medication, the nurse __________ _____________ the client’s request for the medication.
cannot refuse
To prevent altering the electrolyte balance, the pregnant client shouldn’t use ___________________ for heartburn.
sodium bicarbonate
In order to decrease the risk of bacteria ascending to the bladder via catheter tubing, a client with a urinary catheter should:
take a shower instead of bathe
To prevent damage to the urethra when inserting a catheter into a male client, straighten the penis so that it’s:
perpendicular to the body
Clients who have neurogenic bladder dysfunction are candidates for:
clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC)
A _____________ is used to deliver oxygen and medication.
nebulizer
Alternatives to meat for a vegetarian client are:
soybean curds
meat analogs
textured soy protein
A high-fat diet is associated with __________ cancer.
colon
A client with lactose intolerance should avoid:
milk and cheese
Alcohol consumption in absence of food intake can cause:
hypoglycemia
The mucus in the large intestine protects the intestinal wall from:
bacteria and fecal acid
An elderly client is predisposed to ___________ because of a loss of tonus of the smooth muscles in the colon.
constipation
_____________________ is the temporary cessation of intestinal movement following surgery.
Paralytic ileus
The client with paralytic ileus is maintained NPO until ______________.
bowel sounds return
The appropriate diet for a client with Crohn’s disease is a :
low-fat, lactose free diet
A natural intestinal deodorizer is:
cranberry juice
Foods rich in magnesium sulfate are:
nuts
grains
green leafy vegetables
Protein (albumin) in the urine is a sign of:
glomerular injury
The proper procedure to follow when questioning an order is to contact:
the person who wrote or issued the order
An infant usually triples his birth weight by the end of his:
first year
_________ potentiates the effects of lithium carbonate.
Alcohol
Possible signs and symptoms of a client who sustained a frontal lobe injury include:
dysfunction with affect
emotional lability
impaired judgment
Clinical signs of a dehydrated infant include:
lethargy irritability dry skin decreased tearing decreased urinary output increased pulse
Appropriate care of a child with meningitis includes:
frequent assessment of neurologic signs
measuring the circumference of the head
Subdural effusions and obstructive hydrocephalus can develop as manifestations of:
meningitis
A client on heparin or Coumadin (warfarin sodium) should use ____________________ and report unusual bruising.
an electric razor
Expected clinical findings in a newborn with cerebral palsy include:
reflexive hypertonicity and
criss-crossing or scissoring leg movements
A sign of heart failure is:
bibasilar inspiratory crackles
Papules, vesicles, and crust are all present at the same time in the early phase of:
chicken pox
Topical ______________ shouldn’t be used on chickenpox lesions.
corticosteroids
A client is revealing the most resistive behavior if he continues to _____________ while undergoing treatment for addiction.
use drugs
A serving size of a food is usually ________________ for each year of age.
1 tablespoon
The characteristic of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) is __________________ on the face, primarily the ___________, giving a “slapped face” appearance.
erythema; cheeks
To assess recent memory, ask the client about (known) events that occurred within the past ___________ weeks.
2
______________ may brave pain, especially in front of their peers.
Adolescents
During ____________________, the client may experience confusion, disorientation, hypertension, extreme agitation, tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia, and fever.
delirium tremens (DTs)
Signs that a child with cystic fibrosis is responding to pancreatic enzymes are the:
absence of steatorrhea
improved appetite
absence of abdominal pain
Lidocaine shouldn’t be administered unless there’s continuous:
cardiographic monitoring
Adverse effects of lidocaine are:
bradycardia, heart block, cardiovascular collapse, and cardiac arrest
When teaching a client, assess his level of _____________ and learning style first.
knowledge
A stage __________ pressure ulcer is red (granulation of tissue), and there’s loss of subcutaneous tissue.
III
_________ appears as discrete rose-pink macules that first appear on the trunk and that fade when pressure is applied.
Roseola
Xanax (alprazolam) gives short-term relief of:
panic attacks
The first action to take when a loop of the umbilical cord is seen protruding from a woman in labor is to place the client in a ____________ or _____________ position.
Trendelenburg; knee-chest
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is effective against:
Pseudomonas
Monitor the urine for ____________ in a client receiving sulfadiazine therapy for burns.
sulfa crystals
If blood-tinged fluid is leaking from the nose of a client who sustained a head injury, the appropriate dressing to apply is a :
bulky, loose dressing
A ninety degree-ninety degree traction is used for fracture of a child’s:
femur or tibia
Before undergoing __________________________, the client will need to sign an informed consent, have a spinal X-ray study, and have urine and blood samples drawn.
electroconvulsive therapy
Undescended testis or cryptorchidism is associated with ________________ later in life.
testicular cancer
Mitral insufficiency is manifested by ____________ which is caused by fluid retention and diminished heart function.
exertional dyspnea
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is aggravated by a:
fatty diet smoking alcohol chocolate meperidine (Demerol)
A nurse doesn’t have to participate in:
euthanasia
assisted suicide
termination of life-sustaining treatment
withdrawal or withholding of food and fluids
One sign of developmental dysplasia is:
limping during ambulation
___________ wouldn’t be performed on a male child with hypospadias because the foreskin may be needed during surgical reconstruction.
Circumcision
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is manifested in:
hyperirritability gastrointestinal symptoms (watery stool)
______________________ is a belief that simply thinking of an event will make it happen.
Magical thinking
A panic disorder is characterized by:
shear terror
fear
apprehension
Onset of a panic disorder is unpredictable, although certain events, situations, or locations may ___________
precipitate an attack
A mild transient fever is expected after:
surgery
A high sustained fever after surgery indicates complications:
atelectasis within first 48 hours
infection of the wound within 1 week
UTI in first 5 days
thrombophlebitis within first week
Advantages to not using a _________________ on a wound include better visualization of the wound; elimination of conditions that bacteria need including moistness, warmth, and darkness; and lower cost.
bandage
__________________ is obstruction of the superior vena cava by a tumor or enlarged lymph node.
Superior vena cava syndrome
Signs and symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome are:
facial swelling chest pain cough dysphagia "tight collar" sensation
When communicating with a client who has had a stroke:
speak slowly use visual cues face the client use gestures repeat information as necessary
Any _________ can precipitate a sickle cell crisis.
stress
Involve clients with ________________ in activity that uses the larger muscle groups and requires less concentration, for example, table tennis rather than checkers.
bipolar disorder
Signs of relapse in a poly-drug user are:
visiting “old buddies”
frequenting places where drugs/alcohol sold/consumed
skipping meals
A male client who’s quadriplegic can achieve an erection through stimulation of the ________ because it’s a reflex reaction.
genitalia
Assigning a task to a lower-level-trained nurse is called
delegation
Assigning a task to an equally-trained nurse is called
transfer of assignment
Intellectually looking at a situation and using available knowledge to deduce a reason or a decision is called
critical thinking
When the client asks questions about an upcoming surgical procedure, assume that the client isn’t informed and contact the:
physician
____________________ refers to a review or study of various cultures and the care provided to clients relative to their view, values, and beliefs.
Transcultural nursing
In clients with _____________, encourage intake of large amounts of fluid (2-3L) to prevent the precipitation of urate in the kidneys.
gouty arthritis
Validation is the process of
double-checking
Signs and symptoms of renal hemorrhage in a client with multiple bone fractures include _____________ in the flank on the affected side.
pain and hematoma
Gonorrhea can cause irreparable damage to fallopian tubes, resulting in:
obstruction
increased risk of tubal pregnancies
sterility
Compartment syndrome results from an accumulation of fluid within a _________________, which decreases blood flow to tissues and can lead to neuromuscular deficiency and tissue death.
muscle compartment
Classic signs of shaken baby syndrome are:
seizures
slow apical pulse
difficulty breathing
retinal hemorrhage
To reduce the risk of infection in a client with a vancomycin-resistant infection, contact precautions as well as ____________________ should be implemented.
standard precautions
The clinical test hemoglobin A1c provides useful information on how well ______________ is being controlled.
diabetes
The ____________________ test requires that a sputum sample be collected on 3 consecutive days.
acid fast bacillus (AFB)
An infant born to an HIV+ mother should receive all ___________ on schedule.
immunizations
Maternal glucose crosses the placental barrier, but __________ does not
insulin
The most important task to complete when problem-solving is to ____________ or _____________ the problem.
identify; define
Reverse delegation occurs when a subordinate assigns a task to a
superior
Disciplining a subordinate shouldn’t be
delegated
____________ in the arms and legs is essentially the same in infants.
BP
When a painful procedure has to be performed, at least one of the team members should maintain ___________ with the client.
eye contact
When washing hands before a ________ procedure, hold the hands higher than the elbows.
sterile
When drying hands before a __________ procedure, dry fingers to elbows using a sterile towel, drying in a __________ motion with one hand. Then follow the same procedure for the other hand using another sterile towel.
sterile; circular
Imposing one’s own cultural beliefs and values onto another is called
cultural imposition
___________ can be prevented through weight-bearing activity and adequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D, or prevented from further progression, but it cannot be reversed.
Osteoporosis
