GENERAL BIOLOGY II Unit I and II Flashcards
What are the five characteristics of all plants
eukaryotes, multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs, life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid multicellular stages, store carbohydrate as starch.
What are the characteristics of plants form the phylum angiosperms?
They have fruits with seeds and an ovary.
Explain why hornworts are bryophytes?
They have all characteristics of plants and they have guard cells and stomata and a waxy cuticle.
What characterizes gymnosperms?
They have pollen, which is the male reproductive organ and seeds which contains the embryo, the endosperm and a seed coat.b
Why is an apple tree an angiosperm?
It has fruits with seeds and an ovary.
In bryophytes, which plant produces gamete by mitosis?
The haploid plant.
What is a meristem cell?
It is a cell that retains embryonic characteristics, it is capable of producing tissue and organs.
Name the three types of primary meristem that are established during the embryonic development and what type of structures they can create?
Root, apical and procambium (vascular tissue)
Walk me through the double fertilization event of the development of an angiosperm embryo.
First a pollen is released from the anther. It reaches a stigma and if they are compatible, the pollen tube grows through the style towards the ovule. two haploid sperms are released in the ovary. One fuses with the ovule to form the zygote and then the embryo and the other fuses with two nuclei of the central cell to form the 3n endosperm.
Walk me through the seed development of the development of an angiosperm embryo.
The endosperm undergoes many nuclear divisions followed by cytokinesis. The embryo establishes three divisions. The first establishes apical and basal pattern. The second establishes radial pattern of tissue and the last establishes the primary meristems.
What are the steps of homeostasis?
A stimulus causes change and the sensors sense it. The control send a message that makes the effector responds. Return back to normal.
What is the hierarchy of organization in the body?
cells, tissue, organs, system, organism
Is the action of amylase catabolism or anabolism?
Catabolism
Place these structures in order from simple to complex. Liver, epithelial cell, muscle
epithelial cell, muscle, liver
Why are dogs animals?
They are motile, they are chemoheterotrophs, they are eukaryotic organisms that are multicellular, they store carbohydrates as glycogen and they have no cell wall.
What is a tissue?
A group of specialized cells that have a similar function.
In which category does tendons and bones fit?
It is a connective tissue
What are the functions of connective tissue?
It protects, provides support and binds other tissues together.
What are the four types of tissue?
Epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle
What do Porifera (sponges) don’t have?
Tissue and they are assymetrical
What do Radiata (jellyfish) don’t have?
Bilateral symmetry they have radial symmetry.
To what phylum are coral polyps, sea anemone and box jelly classified? What makes them unique?
They are in the phylum radiata and they have radial symmetry.
What distinguishes the platyhelminths, the radiata and the porifera from the other animals?
They do not have body cavities, also known as coelum in the embryo.
What is the advantage of having body cavities?
It provides space for organs and systems to develop and allows for a higher level of complexity. Animals with body cavities have more organs and systems, they have a longer digestive tract and they can store egg and sperm.
