Cellular respiration disturbances

Question 1

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects the ETS?

Answer 1

If electrons cannot be transferred to O, the ETS chain will back-up and cease its activity since the complexes can only accept a limited number of electrons at a time. If electrons cannot be transferred to O, they cannot exit the ETS and no new electrons enter the system.

Question 2

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects ATP production?

Answer 2

It is lessened since the ETS chain is backed up and the proton gradient is lessened since pumping protons against their gradient requires energy from the electron transport and it is not available anymore.

Question 3

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects O2 consumption?

Answer 3

It is lessened/ceased since O2 is consumed when an electron is transferred to it, reducing it to H2O, and cyanide blocks that transfer.

Question 4

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects CO2 production?

Answer 4

Less CO2 is produced. CO2 is produced during the citric acid cycle and the oxidation of pyruvates, which requires NAD+. Since the ETS is backed-up, the NADH do not transfer their H+ and electron to the chain, and no new NAD+ are available.

Question 5

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects the rate of glucose consumption?

Answer 5

In the short term there will be no change in glucose consumption. After the citric acid cycle shuts down however, glucose consumption may increase if glycolysis (fermentation) becomes the principle process used for energy production. Since fermentation produces fewer ATP per glucose than cellular respiration, but the need for ATP has not decreased, cells will use up glucose at a faster rate to keep up with the demand for ATP.

Question 6

How does cyanide, which blocks electron transfer to oxygen, affects heat production?

Answer 6

In the short term, there will be no change in heat production. If glycolysis (fermentation) becomes the principle process used for energy production, which is an inefficient energy transfer, heat production will increase.

Question 7

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects the ETS?

Answer 7

Electron transport should continue.

Question 8

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects the ATP production?

Answer 8

ATP production is lessened since the proton gradient is lessened. ATP synthase need the gradient to synthesize ATP.

Question 9

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects oxygen consumption?

Answer 9

It is increased as the metabolism increases.

Question 10

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects CO2 production?

Answer 10

CO2 production increases as the overall metabolism increases, the ATP production has lessened but the need for ATP remains the same.

Question 11

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects the rate of consumption of glucose?

Answer 11

Glucose is more consumed as the metabolism in general increases.

Question 12

How does DND, which makes the mitochondrial membrane permeable to protons, affects the heat production?

Answer 12

As less ATP is produced, the free energy released during the electron transport chain is lost as heat since it is not conserved for the establishment of a proton gradient. MORE HEAT

Question 13

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects ATP production?

Answer 13

ATP production is lessened since the passage of protons through the complex V is the driving force for the synthesis of ATP.

Question 14

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects the ETS?

Answer 14

It is not a target of oligomycin and would be expected to continue for a while. Eventually, these systems will also shut down since the supply of ATP will drop significantly affecting all cellular processes

Question 15

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects oxygen consumption?

Answer 15

As oxygen is consumed by the ETS, it would not be affected. Eventually, these systems will also shut down since the supply of ATP will drop significantly affecting all cellular processes

Question 16

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects CO2 production?

Answer 16

Oligomycin does not target the ETS, c.a.c and oxydation of pyruvates, so CO2 can be produced by the c.a.c and oxidation of pyruvates since it has access to NAD+ produced by the ETS. Eventually, these systems will also shut down since the supply of ATP will drop significantly affecting all cellular processes

Question 17

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects the rate of glucose consumption?

Answer 17

It should be the same. Eventually, these systems will also shut down since the supply of ATP will drop significantly affecting all cellular processes

Question 18

How does oligomycin, which blocks the passage of protons through the ATP synthase, affects heat production?

Answer 18

It should be the same. Eventually, these systems will also shut down since the supply of ATP will drop significantly affecting all cellular processes

Question 19

How does rotenone, which blocks the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquitone in complex I, affects ATP production?

Answer 19

It is decreased since the ETS is decreases as electrons from NADH can no longer enter the ETS through complex I and the proton gradient will decrease.

Question 20

How does rotenone, which blocks the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquitone in complex I, affects the ETS?

Answer 20

Electron can no longer enter the ETS through complex I so it is decreased.

Question 21

How does rotenone, which blocks the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquitone in complex I, affects oxygen consumption?

Answer 21

oxygen consumption will decrease. Since electrons could only enter the ETS from FADH2, fewer electrons are available to transfer to oxygen. Eventually, the citric acid cycle will run out of NAD+ and no longer produce NAHD or FADH2. Once the supply of FADH2 has been exhausted, the ETS will cease to function and oxygen will no longer be consumed.

Question 22

How does rotenone, which blocks the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquitone in complex I, affects CO2 production?

Answer 22

It is decreased since NADH are no longer transformed into NAD+ by the ETS, and NAD+ is a requirement of both processes that produce CO2.

Question 23

How does arsenite, which inhibits the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, affects ATP production?

Answer 23

Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that produces FADH2. FADH2 could not be produced and fewer electrons will enter the ETS, reducing ATP production.

Question 24

How does arsenite, which inhibits the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, affects the ETS?

Answer 24

Succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that produces FADH2. FADH2 could not be produced and fewer electrons will enter the ETS.

Question 25

How does rotenone, which blocks the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquitone in complex I, affects the rate of O2 consumption?

Answer 25

In the short term there will be no change in glucose consumption. After the citric acid cycle shuts down however, glucose consumption may increase if glycolysis (fermentation) becomes the principle process used for energy production. Since fermentation produces fewer ATP per glucose than cellular respiration, but the need for ATP has not decreased, cells will use up glucose at a faster rate to keep up with the demand for ATP.

Question 26

How does bongkrekic acid, which inhibits ADP/ATP translocase, affects ATP production?

Answer 26

ATP production would decrease. ADP is required to synthesize ATP via chemiosmosis. Since the supply of ADP would eventually run out, ATP production would cease.

Question 27

How does arsenite, which inhibits the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, affects the ATP production?

Answer 27

a. ATP production would decrease because electrons from FADH2 would not be able to enter the ETS. This would decrease the proton gradient. Since the citric acid cycle would not cycle, the supply of NADH would quickly be exhausted at which point the ETS could no longer function and the proton gradient could not be maintained