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BSN 1 S.Y 2020-2021 > General Biology DNA and RNA > Flashcards

General Biology DNA and RNA Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of Biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in organisms

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Father of Modern Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

It is a full set of genetic information that an organism carries in the DNA

A

Genome

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4
Q

It is a map on which traits are inlined with a specific gene which includes sickness.

A

Human Genome Map

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5
Q

Gave us the ability to read nature’s complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.

A

Human Genome Map

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6
Q

It is the process of paring and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism

A

Karyotyping

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7
Q

Provides a genome-wide snapshot of an individual’s chromosomes

A

Karyotyping

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8
Q

Shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes arrange in order according to size

A

Karyotype

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9
Q

Analyze human karyotypes to detect gross genetic changes

A

Clinical Cytogenetics

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10
Q

Anomalies involving several megabases or more of DNA

A

Cross Genetic Changes

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11
Q

Any of the numbered chromosomes

A

Autosome

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12
Q

This stores many thousands of genes, each of which perform unique functions in the organism’s cells.

A

Autosome

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13
Q

How many pairs of autosomes?

A

22 Pairs

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14
Q

In normal circumstances, each chromosome follows a “map” that is shared across individuals in the species

A

True

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15
Q

This allows cells to know where to start gene expression when they want to express a certain gene.

A

Mapping of Chromosomes

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16
Q

It is a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination. Humans and most other mammals have two sex chromosomes.

A

Sex Chromosome

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17
Q

Females have what chromosomes

A

X

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18
Q

Males have what chromosomes

A

XY

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19
Q

Who decides the gender of a human offspring

A

Male

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20
Q

A particular gene or variant of gene that expresses itself strongly all by itself than any other version of the gene which the person is carrying

A

Dominant Gene

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21
Q

It can stand alone or can have the same with the partner to be seen in the physical characteristics

A

Dominant Gene

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22
Q

This only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele.

A

Recessive Gene

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23
Q

This describes the way in which two genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome are often inherited together.

A

Genetic Linkage

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24
Q

What is the meaning of DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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25
Q

It is the hereditary material in humans and almost all organisms

A

DNA

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26
Q

Contains all of the genetic code in your body (Height, Eye Color, Hair color, and Risk for Certain Diseases)

A

DNA

27
Q

Found in the Nucleus

A

DNA

28
Q

It is made up of Nucleotide, Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate and a Nitrogenous Base

A

DNA

29
Q

Structure of DNA

A

Nucleotide, Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate and a Nitrogenous Base

30
Q

What provides the energy needed?

A

Deoxyribose (Sugar)

31
Q

What provides the structure?

A

Phosphate

32
Q

What holds or houses the coded traits?

A

Nitrogenous Base

33
Q

It is a portion of a DNA

A

Gene

34
Q

Organized, tightly compacted and wrapped protein forming the chromosome

A

Genes

35
Q

It is important in building, repairing, defending, produce enzymes and delivery

A

Protein

36
Q

This mechanism results in genes that will not be activated and where some are shut down

A

Gene Regulation

37
Q

Structure in a Nutshell

A

Nucleus – Chromosome – Gene – DNA

38
Q

Shows how our traits are passed down from parent to offspring

A

Heredity

39
Q

It can be traced through the use of Pedigree and Punnett Square

A

Heredity

40
Q

It is a genetic representation of family that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or disease through several generations

A

Pedigree

41
Q

Shows the relationships between family members and indicates which individuals express or silently carry the trait in question

A

Pedigree

42
Q

It is a simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes that can occur in children, given the genotypes of their parents

A

Punnett Square

43
Q

It also shows the odds of each of the offspring genotypes occurring

A

Punnett Square

44
Q

DNA Bases Pairing

A

Adenine - Thymine, and Cytosine-Guanine

45
Q

True or False. The amount of bases and its sequence of Bases varies among individuals

A

True

46
Q

Each strand run the opposite from each other this is what we call as

A

“antiparallel”

47
Q

They are not identical but they complement each other

A

DNA base pairing

48
Q

This occurs during Cell Division, the daughter cells must have the same DNA Structure and Number

A

DNA Replication

49
Q

Happens in the Nucleus of both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

A

DNA Replication

50
Q

Happens before Mitosis and/or Meiosis in a time known as interphase

A

DNA Replication

51
Q

These (speed up or breaks down Cellular Structure) are some major key players for the Replication

A

Enzymes

52
Q

Enzyme responsible for the unzipping enzyme it breaks the bond of bases

A

Helicase

53
Q

Keeps the DNA from coiling

A

Topoisomerase

54
Q

These are the initializer

A

Primase

55
Q

Made up of RNA

A

Primer

56
Q

The builder of the new stand of DNA, requires the Primase to identify where to start the replication

A

DNA Polymerase

57
Q

The glue or binds back the strand

A

Ligase

58
Q

How does the DNA Replication Work

A
  1. Origin identified by a certain DNA Sequences
  2. At the origin, the Helicase breaks and unwinds the DNA
  3. The Single Stranded Binding Protein bind at the strand to keep them separated
  4. Topoisomerase keeps or prevents the DNA from super coiling
    a. Super Coiling – Happens due to compacting of DNA to Chromosomes
  5. Primase comes in and put on the primer for the DNA to Chromosomes
  6. The primase makes the primer starting from the 3 prime to the 5 prime, where the DNA can easily make the DNA making it as the LEADING STRAND, but on the other side since it runs on the OPPOSITE DIRECTION, the primase makes a stagger primer making it as the LAGGING STRAND.
  7. The DNA Polymerase builds the new strand in the 51 to 31 direction. This means it moves along the old, template strand in the 31 to 51 direction
  8. On the lagging strand, primase make a stagger primer in order for the DNA Polymerase to build the result known as the Okazaki Fragments
  9. Because of the Okazaki Fragments and the stagger primer, the primase must be replaced with DNA Bases, the Ligase then takes care of the Gaps of the Okazaki Fragments and seals them. The Primase must be replaced since the Primase is made up of RNA only.
59
Q

True or False. The DNA is a double stand and are antiparallel meaning they run opposite to each other

A

True

60
Q

True or False. DNA either goes 5 prime to 3 prime to 3 prime to 5 prime and NOT NORTH AND SOUTH

A

True

61
Q

True or False. The sugar is not part of the backbone of the DNA and it has carbons and the sugar that run clock wise around it.

A

False, The sugar IS part

62
Q

What is the result of the DNA Replication

A

2 Identical Double Helix DNA Molecules

63
Q

The DNA will be called what becaue?

A

Semi-Conservative, it holds the Original Strand and the New Strand.

BSN 1 S.Y 2020-2021 (6 decks)

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