General Biology DNA and RNA

Question 1

Branch of Biology concerned with the study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in organisms

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Father of Modern Genetics

Answer 2

Gregor Mendel

Question 3

It is a full set of genetic information that an organism carries in the DNA

Answer 3

Genome

Question 4

It is a map on which traits are inlined with a specific gene which includes sickness.

Answer 4

Human Genome Map

Question 5

Gave us the ability to read nature’s complete genetic blueprint for building a human being.

Answer 5

Human Genome Map

Question 6

It is the process of paring and ordering all the chromosomes of an organism

Answer 6

Karyotyping

Question 7

Provides a genome-wide snapshot of an individual’s chromosomes

Answer 7

Karyotyping

Question 8

Shows the complete diploid set of chromosomes arrange in order according to size

Answer 8

Karyotype

Question 9

Analyze human karyotypes to detect gross genetic changes

Answer 9

Clinical Cytogenetics

Question 10

Anomalies involving several megabases or more of DNA

Answer 10

Cross Genetic Changes

Question 11

Any of the numbered chromosomes

Answer 11

Autosome

Question 12

This stores many thousands of genes, each of which perform unique functions in the organism’s cells.

Answer 12

Autosome

Question 13

How many pairs of autosomes?

Answer 13

22 Pairs

Question 14

In normal circumstances, each chromosome follows a “map” that is shared across individuals in the species

Answer 14

True

Question 15

This allows cells to know where to start gene expression when they want to express a certain gene.

Answer 15

Mapping of Chromosomes

Question 16

It is a type of chromosome that participates in sex determination. Humans and most other mammals have two sex chromosomes.

Answer 16

Sex Chromosome

Question 17

Females have what chromosomes

Answer 17

X

Question 18

Males have what chromosomes

Answer 18

XY

Question 19

Who decides the gender of a human offspring

Answer 19

Male

Question 20

A particular gene or variant of gene that expresses itself strongly all by itself than any other version of the gene which the person is carrying

Answer 20

Dominant Gene

Question 21

It can stand alone or can have the same with the partner to be seen in the physical characteristics

Answer 21

Dominant Gene

Question 22

This only show their effect if the individual has two copies of the allele.

Answer 22

Recessive Gene

Question 23

This describes the way in which two genes that are located close to each other on a chromosome are often inherited together.

Answer 23

Genetic Linkage

Question 24

What is the meaning of DNA

Answer 24

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 25

It is the hereditary material in humans and almost all organisms

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

Contains all of the genetic code in your body (Height, Eye Color, Hair color, and Risk for Certain Diseases)

Answer 26

DNA

Question 27

Found in the Nucleus

Answer 27

DNA

Question 28

It is made up of Nucleotide, Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate and a Nitrogenous Base

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

Structure of DNA

Answer 29

Nucleotide, Deoxyribose (Sugar), Phosphate and a Nitrogenous Base

Question 30

What provides the energy needed?

Answer 30

Deoxyribose (Sugar)

Question 31

What provides the structure?

Answer 31

Phosphate

Question 32

What holds or houses the coded traits?

Answer 32

Nitrogenous Base

Question 33

It is a portion of a DNA

Answer 33

Gene

Question 34

Organized, tightly compacted and wrapped protein forming the chromosome

Answer 34

Genes

Question 35

It is important in building, repairing, defending, produce enzymes and delivery

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

This mechanism results in genes that will not be activated and where some are shut down

Answer 36

Gene Regulation

Question 37

Structure in a Nutshell

Answer 37

Nucleus – Chromosome – Gene – DNA

Question 38

Shows how our traits are passed down from parent to offspring

Answer 38

Heredity

Question 39

It can be traced through the use of Pedigree and Punnett Square

Answer 39

Heredity

Question 40

It is a genetic representation of family that diagrams the inheritance of a trait or disease through several generations

Answer 40

Pedigree

Question 41

Shows the relationships between family members and indicates which individuals express or silently carry the trait in question

Answer 41

Pedigree

Question 42

It is a simple graphical way of discovering all of the potential combinations of genotypes that can occur in children, given the genotypes of their parents

Answer 42

Punnett Square

Question 43

It also shows the odds of each of the offspring genotypes occurring

Answer 43

Punnett Square

Question 44

DNA Bases Pairing

Answer 44

Adenine - Thymine, and Cytosine-Guanine

Question 45

True or False. The amount of bases and its sequence of Bases varies among individuals

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Each strand run the opposite from each other this is what we call as

Answer 46

“antiparallel”

Question 47

They are not identical but they complement each other

Answer 47

DNA base pairing

Question 48

This occurs during Cell Division, the daughter cells must have the same DNA Structure and Number

Answer 48

DNA Replication

Question 49

Happens in the Nucleus of both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 49

DNA Replication

Question 50

Happens before Mitosis and/or Meiosis in a time known as interphase

Answer 50

DNA Replication

Question 51

These (speed up or breaks down Cellular Structure) are some major key players for the Replication

Answer 51

Enzymes

Question 52

Enzyme responsible for the unzipping enzyme it breaks the bond of bases

Answer 52

Helicase

Question 53

Keeps the DNA from coiling

Answer 53

Topoisomerase

Question 54

These are the initializer

Answer 54

Primase

Question 55

Made up of RNA

Answer 55

Primer

Question 56

The builder of the new stand of DNA, requires the Primase to identify where to start the replication

Answer 56

DNA Polymerase

Question 57

The glue or binds back the strand

Answer 57

Ligase

Question 58

How does the DNA Replication Work

Answer 58

1. Origin identified by a certain DNA Sequences 2. At the origin, the Helicase breaks and unwinds the DNA 3. The Single Stranded Binding Protein bind at the strand to keep them separated 4. Topoisomerase keeps or prevents the DNA from super coiling a. Super Coiling – Happens due to compacting of DNA to Chromosomes 5. Primase comes in and put on the primer for the DNA to Chromosomes 6. The primase makes the primer starting from the 3 prime to the 5 prime, where the DNA can easily make the DNA making it as the LEADING STRAND, but on the other side since it runs on the OPPOSITE DIRECTION, the primase makes a stagger primer making it as the LAGGING STRAND. 7. The DNA Polymerase builds the new strand in the 51 to 31 direction. This means it moves along the old, template strand in the 31 to 51 direction 8. On the lagging strand, primase make a stagger primer in order for the DNA Polymerase to build the result known as the Okazaki Fragments 9. Because of the Okazaki Fragments and the stagger primer, the primase must be replaced with DNA Bases, the Ligase then takes care of the Gaps of the Okazaki Fragments and seals them. The Primase must be replaced since the Primase is made up of RNA only.

Question 59

True or False. The DNA is a double stand and are antiparallel meaning they run opposite to each other

Answer 59

True

Question 60

True or False. DNA either goes 5 prime to 3 prime to 3 prime to 5 prime and NOT NORTH AND SOUTH

Answer 60

True

Question 61

True or False. The sugar is not part of the backbone of the DNA and it has carbons and the sugar that run clock wise around it.

Answer 61

False, The sugar IS part

Question 62

What is the result of the DNA Replication

Answer 62

2 Identical Double Helix DNA Molecules

Question 63

The DNA will be called what becaue?

Answer 63

Semi-Conservative, it holds the Original Strand and the New Strand.