General Biology: Animal Organ System Flashcards
They breathe through their skin provided that they have a large surface area
Multicellular animals
It is a network of air tubes that branch throughout the body of an insect
Insect Tracheal System
An opening for necessary gas to enter
Spiracles
The entering of gas through the spiracles is conducted here
Trachea
The smaller tubes of trachea that connect to body tissues
Tracheoles
A filamentous organs with a rich supply of blood vessel that conducts gas exchange
Gills
The process where diaphragm contracts and moves down
Inhalation
The process where diaphragm relaxes and moves up
Exhalation
A system where blood is pumped from the heart and enters body cavities where the tissues are bathed in blood
Open Circulatory System
A system where blood is contained within blood vessels and valves exist to prevent back flow of blood
Closed Circulatory System
Process where blood is carried from the heart to tissues of the body back to the heart
Systemic Circulation
A process where blood is carried from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the heart
Pulmonary Circulation
A fist sized organ that pumps blood throughout the the body
Heart
A tube like structures responsible for transporting fluid to and from every organ in the body
Arteries
A small diameter blood vessel in the micro circulation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries
Arterioles
A delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body
Capillaries
The smallest veins and receive blood from capillaries
Venules
Blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen poor blood and return it to your heart
Veins
It is required to achieve homeostasis
Osmoregulation
It is the general term for the processes by which animals control solute concentrations and balance water gain and loss
Osmoregulation
It enables animals to live in environments that are uninhabitable for osmoconformers
Osmoregulation
An animal that has the ability to be isosmotic with its surrounding
Osmoconformer
Animals that are osmoconformers
Marine animals
Used to control internal osmolarity independent of that of the external environment
Osmoregulator
The process where food is broken down physically and chemically
Digestion
The process where food is taken into the body
Ingestion
The process where digested food products are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to cells
Absorption
A bacterium, fungus, virus, or other disease causing agent
Pathogen
A glandular organ near the heart where T cells learn their jobs
Thymus
A blood producing tissue inside certain bones
Bone marrow
They give rise to all of the different types of blood cells
Blood stem cells
An organ that serves as a filter for the blood; removes old and damaged RBC; removes infectious agents and uses them to activate cells called lymphocytes
Spleen
Small organs that filter dead cells, antigens, and other “stuff” to present to lymphocytes
Lymph nodes
They collect fluid (lymph) that has “leaked” out from the blood into the tissues to return it to circulation
Lymphatic vessels
It is a rapid response in all animals wherein small sets of receptors recognize traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens
Innate Immunity
It is a slow response in vertebrates wherein a vast array of receptors recognize traits specific to particular pathogens
Adaptive Immunity
These are cells with the correct receptor protein for a specific hormone
Target cells
It is a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids to stimulate cells
Hormone