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Flight Instruction > General BAK Theory > Flashcards

General BAK Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Stability

A

Positive - returns to original state
Neutral - Continues new course, doesn’t diverge further
Unstable - Deviates further from the mean

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2
Q

Lateral Axis

A

Pitch around it, elevators

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3
Q

longitudinal Axis

A

Roll around it, Ailerons

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4
Q

Normal Axis

A

Yaw, Rudder

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5
Q

Frise Ailerons

A

Leading edge tucks in on down going aileron but petrudes into airflow on upgoing aileron, causing drag to help compensate for adverse yaw

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6
Q

Differential Ailerons

A

Up going aileron deflects further into airstream than down going, increased drag to minimise adverse yaw

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7
Q

Types of Drag

A

Induced - resultant of lift generation
Parasite Drag - Form, Skin Friction and Interference
Induced Reduces with increase IAS
Parasite increases with increase IAS

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8
Q

PUDSUC

A

Pitot Blocked - IAS under read on Descent,

Static Blocked - IAS under read on climb.

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9
Q

VHF Range

A

Below 5000’ = 60 nm
Between 5000’ - 10,000’ = 90 nm
Between 10,000 - 15’000 = 120 nm

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10
Q

VHF

A

30MHz - 300 MHz
Very High Freq
Line of sight

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11
Q

HF

A

3MHz - 30MHz
High Freq
Tends to follow curvature of the earth

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12
Q

Angle Of Attack

A

Angle between Chordline Line and relative airflow

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13
Q

Chordline

A

Straight line from leading edge and trailing edge of aerofoil

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14
Q

Mean camber

A

Line that is equidistant upper and lower aerofoil surfaces

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15
Q

4 Stroke engine

A

Suck / Squeeze / Bang / Blow

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16
Q

Pre Ignition

A

Mixture ignites before spark plug
Cylinder Hot Spot, contamination High power lean mixture
Rough running, possible back fire, sudden increase CHT

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17
Q

Detonation

A

Air/Fuel mix gets to hot and spontaneously combusts prior to TDC (against rising Cylinder head)
Incorrect fuel usage (below 100 octane rating) - resistance to compression

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18
Q

Engine Oil - 5 uses

A 
Lubricate - reduced friction
Cool - carries heat away
Clean - carries contaminants away
Seal - 
Protect - Coats surface and reduce exposure to air/corrosion
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19
Q

Bernoulli’s Theorm

A

Px Total = Px Dynamic + Px Static
If Px Total doesn’t change so if Dynamic Px is increased (Air speed) static PX is reduced
See Wing Lift and Carby

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20
Q

Venturi

A

Pinched tube, air accelerates through narrowest point thus reducing the static pressure
Carby throat / butterfly

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21
Q

ISA

A

OAT 15
ELR 2Deg / 1000’
QHN 1013.2 HP

22
Q

Lift Formula

A

L=Cl 1/2 Rho V2 S

L = IAS x AoA

23
Q

Best Lift drag Ratio

A

Best range
Bottom of the drag curve, tangent of Power curve
Least drag, NOT the Most LIFT

24
Q

Endurance

A

Time / Rate
Least Power required - lowest fuel burn
Holding pattern
Generally less than Min Drag

25
Q

SPEEDS
I C E T
Pretty Cool Drink

A

Indicated - Calibrated - Equivalent - True

Position Compression Density

26
Q

Vx

A

Best angle
Excess Thrust
Effected by wind

27
Q

Vy

A

Best rate (Rate always relates to time/work done)
Excess power
Not effected by wind

28
Q

Service Ceiling

A

Climb rate 100’/min

29
Q

Absolute Ceiling

A

No further climbing possible

30
Q

Impulse Coupling

A

Retards the spark on ignition
Creates stronger spark at correct timing
Winds up a spring which then releases to create stronger spark

31
Q

Centre Zero Ammeter

A

ALT - BUS - Ammeter - BATT
Cessna - Flows to the battery (+) or from the battery
(-)
Should be slightly (+), could be high initially to recharge battery

32
Q

Left Zero Ammeter

Load Meter

A

ALT - Ammeter - BUS - BATT
Piper - Flow from the Alternator
Should be slightly (+), IF Zero system being powered/load carried by battery

33
Q

Gyroscopic precession

A

As gyro spin will drift slightly in space due mechanical imperfections - bearing friction etc
Heading on DG every 15-20 mins

34
Q

Gyroscopic Instruments

A

Faster they spin, heavier they are the better the Rigidity - tendency to hold their alignment

35
Q

PA Calc

A

PA = Height + (1013 - QNH) x 30

Reasonable man, If QNH below ISA, PA must be higher, inverse relationship

36
Q

DA Calc

A

ISA Deviation = 15 - (PA/1000 x 2)
Temp Correction = OAT - ISA Dev …. x 120
DA = PA + Temp Correction
Reasonable man If OAT is higher than ISA, DA is higher

37
Q

Altimeter Faults

A

Static block - will display Alt at which blockage occurred
Incorrect Datum (QNH) set =
Underset - Under read, A/C higher than indicated
Overset - Overread, A/C is LOWER than indicated
Travelling High To Low Lookout Below, you will be lower than you read/believe

38
Q

Altimeter Tolerance

A

VFR +/- 100’, ( can be 110’ for elevation above 3300’)
Source within 100nm
Known elevation can give local QNH (Question Nil Hgt)
Setting Zero on Altimeter give QFE (Question Field Elevation)

39
Q

Magnetic Variation

A

Variation from True North
Isogonals lines on map joining place of equal value
East is Least (-) from True to get Mag
West is Best (+) Add to True to get Mag

40
Q

Magnetic Deviation

A

Compass Error caused by electrical system, airframe etc

Placarded within the A/C on deviation card

41
Q

Compass Turns - ONUS

A

Overshoot North, turn through your desired heading & compass will come back when you roll wings level
Undershoot South, rollout early and compass will continue after you roll out

42
Q

Compass turns - SAND

A

Acceleration error east - west
Accelerate indicates turn Sth
Decelerate indicates turn Nth

43
Q

VMC - Class C

A

5 km vis (8 km above 10,000’)
1000’ Above/below
1500m Horizontal

44
Q

VMC Class E

A

5 km vis, (8 km above 10,000’)
1000’ Above/below
1500m Horizontal
IFR require clearance / VFR not required

45
Q

VMC Class D

A

5 Km Vis
1000’ above, 500’ below
600m Horizontal

46
Q

Special VFR

A

1.6 Km Vis
Clear of cloud
CAR 157 Limits apply

47
Q

VMC Class G below 3000’ or 1000’ AGL

A

5 km Vis,

Clear of cloud in sight of land /water

48
Q

VMC Class G Above 3000’

A

5 km vis, (8 km above 10,000’)
1000’ Above/below
1500m Horizontal

49
Q

Minimum Height Rules
Populated Area - 91.265
Non Populated Areas - 91.267

A

Not below 1000’ above within 600m radius of populated areas
Not below 500’ above within 300 m radius of non populated areas
except due stress of weather??

50
Q

Last Light

A

Must plan to land atleast 10 prior last light, or in accordance with company regs

Flight Instruction (9 decks)

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