Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ID Boards > General Bacteriology > Flashcards

General Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen/Kinyoun/Fite stains

A

mycobacteria stain pink/red

  • ZN/Kinyoun = most commonly used
  • Fite often used for M leprae (b/c leprae often decolorized by ZN/K). Also for Nocardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Warthin-Starry stain (positive test, what it tests for)

A

dark brown/black against a yellow/gold background

  • spirochetes (treponema, borrelia, leptospira)
  • H pylori
  • Bartonella henselae (clue for bacillary angiomatosis or bacillary peliosis hepatis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rapidly growing NTM

A

abscessus group

chelonae

fortuitum group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Streptomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Nocardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Members of aerobic actinomycetes (and micro characteristics)

A
  • nocardia
  • rhodococcus
  • streptomyces

mAF stain+ (d/t presence of mycolic acids in cell wall)

branching GPR

typically isolated in fungal cx (as opp to standard bacterial cx) d/t slow growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antimicrobials w/ poor CNS penetration

A
  • any abx given PO
  • beta-lactamase inhibitors
  • 1-2nd gen cephs
  • cephamycins
  • clinda
  • FQ
  • macrolides
  • tetracyclines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vanc-R Bacteria

A
  • most GNs
  • Clostridium innocuum
  • Enterococcus gallinarum and casseliflavus (d/t chromosomal vanC)
  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • Lactobacillus
  • Leuconostoc
  • Pediococcus
  • Weissella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colistin-R Bacteria

A
  • most GPs
  • burkholderia
  • inguilinus limosus
  • N gonorrhea, N meningitidis
  • Pandoraea
  • Proteae
  • Serratia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SPICE Organisms (what are they and what are they resistant to?)

A
  • Serratia spp
  • PSAR
  • Indole+ proteae (P vulgaris, Providencia spp, Morganella)
  • Citrobacter freundii complex
  • Enterobacter
  1. chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase –> results in R to penicillins (except piperacillin), amp/sulbactam, amox/clav, 1-2nd gen cephalosporins, and cephamycins
  2. may become de-repressed on exposure to b-lactams –> R to 3rd gen cephs, zosyn, and erta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intrinsic R of listeria

A

cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intrinsic R of Proteae

A
  • colistin
  • nitrofurantoin
  • tetracyclines
  • May have elevated MICs to imipenem

*Refer to SPICE organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intrinsic R of Kleb (not aerogenes)

A

ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intrinsic R of Citrobacter koseri

A

amp

piperacillin

ticarcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intrinsic R of Burkholderia cepacia complex

A
  • all penicillins and penicillin derivatives
  • 1-4 gen cephs (except ceftaz)
  • cephamycins
  • erta, imi
  • aminoglycosides
  • colistin
  • fosfomycin
  • aztreonam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intrinsic R of non-glucose-fermenting (nonfermenters) GNR

A

ertapenem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Intrinsic R of aerobic GNR

A

clinda

vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a/w poultry

A

campy

salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a/w oysters

A

vibrio vulnificus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a/w gravy

A

C perfringens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a/w eggs

A

salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a/w chitterlings

A

yersinia enterocolitica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reference AST Methods for

Aerobic bacteria

Anaerobic bacteria

A

Aerobic - Kirby Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution (eg Vitek)

Anaerobic - agar dilution

24
Q

a/w rodents

A
  • leptospira (rodent urine, think water and rustic cabins)
  • salmonella
  • spirillum minus
  • strep moniliformis (rat bite fever)
  • Yersinia pestis
25
Q

a/w leeches

A

aeromonas

26
Q

a/w dogs

A

campy

leptospira

pasteurella

staph intermedius/pseudointermedius

27
Q

a/w fish

A
  • E rhusiopathiae
  • Streptococcus iniae
  • Vibrio
28
Q

a/w farm animals

A
  • bacillus anthracis
  • brucella
  • coxiella
  • campy
  • Shiga-producing E coli
  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • Leptospira
  • Salmonella
29
Q

a/w cats

A
  • bartonella henselae
  • pastuerella
30
Q

a/w birds

A

chlamydia/chlamydophila psittaci

31
Q

tiny GNRs

oxidase-, weak catalase+

growth on chocolate only

N America

Europe

Asia

hunters (rabbits), muskrats, prarie dogs

ticks, deer fly bites

mowing over rabbit’s nest

A

Francisella tularensis

32
Q

GNRs, colonies w/ “cracked/dry earth” appearance

musty odor

oxidase +, colistin R

Tropics (esp SE Asia and Australia)

agricultural workers

persons w/ open skin wounds/DM/CKD

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis)

33
Q

GNR coccobacilli
slow growth - variable on MacConkey agar
oxidase variable, colistin R

C and S America
ME, Asia
Africa

vets, horse caretakers, abattoir workers

A

Burkholderia mallei

34
Q

tiny GNR, oxidase+, urease+
May be mis-ID as Ochrobactrum on MALDI

Mexico, S and C America
Caribbean
Mediterranean basin, E Europe, ME

eating undercooked meats, raw dairy
vets
abattoir workers
hunters

A

Brucella

35
Q

big, boxy GPR (often chains)
catalase +
Nonmotile

WW
persons who work w/ animal products
livestock producers
vets

A

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus cereus

36
Q

GNR

beta-hemolytic

oxidase negative

indole positive

lactose fermenting

A

E coli

37
Q

GNR

beta-hemolytic

metallic sheen

Green pigment on MacConkey

A

PSAR

38
Q

MacConkey Agar/Lactose-fermentation (What grows, what only grows on chocolate, and what doesn’t grow)

A

Nonfastidious GNR
Enterobacterales
Most non-fermenters

What doesn’t

  • GP organisms (may see some bacillus spp though)
  • Fastidious GNs: Brucella, HACEK, Francisella, Moraxella, Neisseria, Pasteurella
39
Q

Chocolate Agar (What grows, what only grows on chocolate, and what doesn’t grow)

A

**almost all organisms grow on this media, including fastidious organisms

Only grows here

  • Haemophilus
  • Some aggregatibacter and some N gonorrhea
  • Francisella
  • Granulocatella/Abiotrophia

What Doesn’t

  • some corynebacterium grow better on blood
  • organisms that don’t grow on routine bacterial cultures
40
Q

Important Pathogens in Bite Wounds

A
  • anaerobic oral flora
  • Eikenella
  • Pasteurella
  • staph intermedius/pseudointermedius
  • Strep anginosus group
41
Q

When you here this…

tiny, gram-negative rods

A

brucella

francisella

42
Q

When you here this…

Spores on gram stain

A
  • bacillus spp
  • related genera: paenibacillus, lysinibacillus
  • clostridium
43
Q

When you hear this…
seagull-shaped/gull wings

A

campy

44
Q

When you hear this…
lancet shaped

A

S pneumoniae

45
Q

When you here this…
gram stain - big and boxy

A

bacillus

clostridium

46
Q

When you here this…
GN diplococci - respiratory

A

M catarrhalis

47
Q

When you here this…
GN diplococci - genital, urine, joint fluid

A

N gonorrhea

48
Q

When you hear this…
Gram-negative diplococci in the CSF

A

N meningitidis

49
Q

Organisms a/w GI cancer

A

Streptococcus (formerly bovis group):

  • gallolyticus
  • infantarius
  • alacyolyticus
  • lutetiensis
  • equinous

Clostridium septicum (also heme malignancy)

50
Q

The most common gram-variable bacteria

A
  • bacillus spp
  • clostridium spp
  • acinetobacter spp
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
51
Q
A

Gram negative rods - curved

  • campylobacter
  • helicobacter
  • vibrio (comma-shaped)
52
Q
A

Gram-negative rods - fusiform

  • fusobacterium
  • capnocytophaga
53
Q
A

Gram negative coccobacilli

  • haemophilus
  • acinetobacter (may be gram-variable)
  • aggregatibacter
  • moraxella
  • pasteurella
  • bacteroides
  • francisella tularensis
  • brucella
54
Q
A

Gram-variable rods

  • bacillus
  • clostridium
  • gardnerella vaginalis
  • leptotrichia
55
Q
A

Branching, filamentous GPR

  • nocardia
  • streptomyces
  • gordonia
  • tsukamurella
56
Q
A

GPR

  • bacillus, clostridium (may be big/box, may have spores)
  • listeria (may appear coccobacillary)
  • lactobacillus
  • eggerthella
57
Q
A

GPC in pairs/chains

  • VGS
  • Beta-hemolytic strep (eg S pyogenes)
  • Enterococcus
  • Abiotrophia, Granulicatella (prev NVS)

ID Boards (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions