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Gross & Applied Anatomy I > General Arthology > Flashcards

General Arthology Flashcards

1
Q

Arthology

A

Study of joints

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2
Q

Joint classifications

A

Characterized by morphology and degree of motion (functionality).
A. Fibrous Joints
B. Cartilaginous Joints
C. Synovial Joints

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3
Q

Fibrous Joints

A 
Synarthroses.
Partially there to provide structure.
Least mobile type of bone-bone union; 
Bones held together by fibrous tissue;
Most common fibrous joint
Articulating surfaces often in almost direct contact. 
*Many joints are both synovial AND syndesmotic.
Three major types.
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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Amphiarthroses.
Somewhat mobile. Partially act as a buffer.
Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
Allows for slight mobility plus great strength.
Two major types.

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5
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Diarthroses.
Highly mobile; mostly found in extremities where mobility is important.
Six major components of these joints.

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6
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A
  1. Syndemoses
  2. Sutures
  3. Gomphoses
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7
Q

Components of Synovial Joints

A

Six in total:

  1. synovial cavity
  2. articular capsule (fibrous tissue)
  3. articular cartilage (doesn’t regenerate)
  4. synovial membrane
  5. synovial fluid
  6. ligaments
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8
Q

Syndemoses

A 
Type of fibrous joint.
Union of bones by a fibrous ligament.
Ex: interosseous ligament
external sacroiliac joint
coracoclavicular joint
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9
Q

Sutures

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Margins of bones are united by sutural ligament.
A passive barrier that allows for growth.
Ex: in face, calvaria

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10
Q

Gomphoses

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Insertion of a conical process into a socket
Tooth roots into the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

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11
Q

Gomphoses

A

Type of fibrous joint.
Insertion of a conical process into a socket
Tooth roots into the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

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12
Q

Synchondroses

A 
Type of cartilaginous joint.
An active site for growth.
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
Usually temporary
Bony unions of skull base, first costosternal joint, epiphyseal growth plates.
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13
Q

Symphyses

A

Type of cartilaginous joint.
Bones joined by fibrocartilage pad.
Intervertebral joints.
Ex: pubic symphysis

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14
Q

Bursae

A

May be present between tendons and opposing structures.

Reduces friction.

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15
Q

Synovial sheaths

A

Occurs around tendons of finger/toe flexors, biceps brachii m tendon, etc.

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16
Q

Fibrocartiaginous labra

A

May sometimes be present.

Ex: shoulder joint

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17
Q

Diarthroses with fibrocartilaginous discs within the joint cavity

A

Gives great articulating area and cushioning.
Ex: sternoclavicular joint
TMJ
knee joint

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18
Q

4 Major Types of Joints

A
  1. Plane joint
  2. Monoaxial
  3. Biaxial
  4. Multiaxial
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19
Q

Plane Joints

A

Slight gliding motion
Ex: zygapophseal joints of vertebrae
Internal SI joint

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20
Q

Monoaxial Joints

A

Movement in one plane only
Two types:
Hinge
Pivot

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21
Q

Hinge

A

Type of monoaxial joint.
Movement in saggital plane only
Ex: elbow, interphalangeal joints, ankle joint
Motion: Flexion, extension

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22
Q

Pivot

A

Type of monoaxial joint.
Movement in transverse plane
Atlantoaxial joint, proximal radial ulnar joint
Motion: Rotation

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23
Q

Biaxial Joints

A 
Movement in two planes at once
3 Types:
Bicondylar
Ellipsoidal
Saddle
24
Q

Bicondylar

A

Type of Biaxial joint.
Movement in sagittal and transverse planes
Modified hinge joints.
Knee, tempormandibular joint
Motions: flexion, extension and translation

25
Q

Ellipsoidal

A

Type of Biaxial joint.
Movement in sagittal and coronal planes.
MCP, wrist.
Motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction = i.e. circumduction (no rotation)

26
Q

Saddle

A

Type of Biaxial joint.
Movement in all three planes.
Patellofemoral joint, first carpometacarpal joint
Motion: circumlocution and opposition

27
Q

Multiaxial Joints

A

Allows circumduction plus rotation.
1 Type:
Ball & Socket

28
Q

Ball and socket

A

Type of Multiaxial joint.
Movement in all three planes.
Glenohumeral joint, hip joint, sternoclavicular

29
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula hold arm away from body to allow freedom of motion

30
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Ball & socket joint

Fibrous disc

31
Q

What are the bones in the sternoclavicular joint lined with?

A 
Clavicle = fibrocartilage
Sternum = hyaline
32
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Plane joint
Fibrocartilage disc
Clavicle tends to override acromiom of scapula

33
Q

What reinforces the weak capsule of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior SC ligaments
Posterior SC ligaments
Interclavicular ligaments
Costclavicular ligaments

34
Q

What reinforces the weak capsule of the acromioclavicular joint?

A 
Coraclavicular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Acromioclavicular ligament
Lateral trapezoid ligament (most anterior)
  > prevents anterior displacement
Medial conoid ligament (most posterior)
  > prevents posterior displacement
35
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Ball & socket
Most of stability provided for by muscle tendons
Head of humerus held stable by glenoid labrum
Articular capsule

36
Q

Elbow joint

A

Hinge joint
Humeroradial (plane joint)
Shaped like ball/socket, but annular ligament in way
Humeroulnar (hinge joint)
Abduction/adduction limited by tight fit of trochlea and trochlear notch
Large olecranon bursa

37
Q

Bursae in Shoulder joint

A

Subacromial/subdeltoid - outside capsule

Subscapular - communicates with capsule

38
Q

Articulations within elbow joint

A

All enclosed by articular capsule
Weak anteriorly/posteriorly
Strong laterally/medially
From coronoid fossa to epicondyles and proximal radioulnar joint

39
Q

What reinforces the the elbow joint?

A

Medial collateral ligament - has 3 parts:
anterior, posterior, transverse
Continuous with articular capsule

Lateral collateral ligament - attached to annular ligament and capsule

40
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

Pivot joint
Pronation/Supination
Annular ligament surrounds radial notch

41
Q

Middle radioulnar joint

A

Syndesmosis

Created by interosseous membrane

42
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

Pivot joint
Weak articular capsule
Fibrocartilaginous disc beneath ulnar head
Distal radius flops over ulna in pronation/supination

43
Q

Wrist joint

A

Radiocarpal

Ellipsoidal joint

44
Q

Wrist joint

A

Radiocarpal
Ellipsoidal joint
Extensive loose articular capsule

45
Q

Role of annular ligament in radioulnar joint

A

Proximal radioulnar joint
Surrounds radial notch
Blends with articular capsule
Tightly binds radius to ulna, preventing free motion
Radius can sublet out of annular ligament

46
Q

Role of annular ligament in radioulnar joint

A

Proximal radioulnar joint
Surrounds radial notch
Blends with articular capsule
Tightly binds radius to ulna, preventing free motion
Radius can sublet out of annular ligament

47
Q

Articular capsule of wrist joint reinforcement

A 
Reinforced by:
Dorsal radiocarpal lig (weak)
Palmar radiocarpal lig
Radial collateral lig
Ulnar collateral lig
48
Q

Wrist joint movement

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction =
CIRCUMDUCTION
Flexion: Action of midcarpals as well
Extension: Radiocarpal only
Abduction: Limited to 15* by radial styloid
Adduction: 40*

49
Q

Intercarpal joints

A 
Plane joints
Three sets: 
proximal intercarpal, 
midcarpal, 
distal intercarpal
50
Q

Proximal intercarpal joints

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral
Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments
Interosseous ligaments

51
Q

Midcarpal joints

A

Capitate, hamate, scaphoid, lunate
More mobile
Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments
Interosseous ligaments

52
Q

Distal intercarpal joints

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Dorsal & palmar intercarpal ligaments
Interosseous ligaments

53
Q

CMC Joints

A 
Carpometacarpal
First CMC = Saddle
Other CMC = Plane
Loose articular capsules
Dorsal and Palmar ligaments
54
Q

IMC Joints

A 
Intermetacarpal 
Between MC II - MC V
Plane
Dorsal and Palmar MC ligaments
Transverse MC ligaments
55
Q

MCP Joints

A 
Metacarpophalangeal
Ellipsoid
Circumduction
Loose articular capsules
Medial & lateral collateral ligaments
Abduction/adduction when fingers flexed
56
Q

IP Joints

A

Interphalangeal
Hinge
Loose articular capsules
Medial & lateral collateral ligaments
Flexion/Extension (although limited by extension due to flexor tendons)

Gross & Applied Anatomy I (6 decks)

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