General Anesthetic Pharmacology

Question 1

what drug class is used as an IV inductive agent?

Answer 1

benzodiazepines

Question 2

what are the 4 components of anesthesia?

Answer 2

1. pain relief
2. immobility
3. amnesia
4. loss of consciousness

Question 3

true or false: ketamine has intense analgesic effects

Answer 3

true

Question 4

what does ketamine cause dissociation of?

Answer 4

dissociation of thalamus to limbic cortex

Question 5

true or false: ketamine can depress a newborn

Answer 5

false

Question 6

what do the barbiturates produce?

Answer 6

amnesia

Question 7

what are 4 characteristics of analgesia?

Answer 7

1. loss of response
2. amnesia
3. analgesia
4. unconsciousness

Question 8

what are the 5 pros to the use of ketamine?

Answer 8

1. analgesic effects
2. does not depress CV
3. does not depress RS
4. fast onset
5. decreases central sensitization

Question 9

what are the 5 cons to the use of ketamine?

Answer 9

1. emergence delirium
2. can increase CBF & ICP
3. increase muscle tone
4. hallucinations
5. increase secretions

Question 10

what can propofol cause upon injection?

Answer 10

pain

Question 11

true or false: propofol has an increased clearance rate leading to less of a hangover effect

Answer 11

true

Question 12

what is the duration of action of propofol?

Answer 12

2 to 8 minutes

Question 13

what are 5 pros of propofol?

Answer 13

1. not effected by CRI
2. depresses airway reflexes
3. less hangover effect
4. increase onset & metabolism
5. antiemetic effects

Question 14

what are 5 cons to the use of propofol?

Answer 14

1. myocardial depressant
2. hypotension
3. respiratory depression
4. inadequate analgesia
5. metabolic acidosis

Question 15

if someone has an allergy to eggs can they use propofol?

Answer 15

maybe

Question 16

what is the structure of thiopental?

Answer 16

barbituric acid derivative

Question 17

what is the MOA of thiopental?

Answer 17

suppresses excitatory transmission

Question 18

what are the 5 pros of thiopental?

Answer 18

1. less expensive
2. decrease cerebral metabolic rate
3. decrease cerebral O2 consumption
4. decrease cerebral blood flow
5. limits seizure activity

Question 19

what are 5 cons of thiopental?

Answer 19

1. bronchospasm
2. respiratory depressant
3. myocardial depressant
4. hangover effect
5. anti-analgesic effect

Question 20

what is the MOA of etomidate?

Answer 20

suppresses excitatory transmission

Question 21

what ar e4 pros of etomidate?

Answer 21

1. myoclonus activity
2. decreased adrenocortical
3. increases in N/V
4. no analgesia

Question 22

what mechanism accounts for the initial termination of the effects of intravenous anesthetics?

Answer 22

redistribution

Question 23

what are the 2 main ADRs of precedex?

Answer 23

hypotension and bradycardia

Question 24

what doesn’t ideal anesthetic gas trigger?

Answer 24

malignant hyperthermia

Question 25

what are two inhibitory receptors that ideal anesthetic gases enhance?

Answer 25

1. GABA
2. Glycine

Question 26

when is MAC the highest?

Answer 26

at 6-12 months of age

Question 27

the concentration at 1 atm that abolishes motor response to painful stimuli in 50% of patients

Answer 27

minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)

Question 28

what is the MAC when someone is awake?

Answer 28

0.3-0.5

Question 29

an increase in blood gas= ____ concentration in blood and _____ alveolar concentration

Answer 29

increases; decreases

Question 30

what are the FDA warnings for gabapentin and pregabalin?

Answer 30

serious breathing problems

Question 31

reversal agent that acts as a BZD competitive atagonist

Answer 31

flumazenil