Drug Induced Kidney Injury

Question 1

what are 5 causative agents of Hemodynamically-mediated kidney injury?

Answer 1

1. ACEi
2. ARB
3. NSAIDs
4. Cyclosporine
5. Tacrolimus

Question 2

direct damage to what 2 things causes acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 2

1. proximal tubular cells
2. distal tubular cells

Question 3

what causes obstruction in acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 3

sloughing off and necrosis of epithelial cells

Question 4

what are 4 causative medications of Acute Tubular Necrosis?

Answer 4

1. aminogylcosides
2. contrast dye
3. cisplatin
4. amphotericin

Question 5

what are 3 disease that occur in the renal interstitium?

Answer 5

1. acute allergic interstitial nephritis
2. chronic interstitial nephritis
3. papillary necrosis

Question 6

what is a causative agent of acute allergic interstital nephritis?

Answer 6

diuretics

Question 7

what are 3 causative agents of chronic interstitial nephritis?

Answer 7

1. lithium
2. tacrolimus
3. cyclosporine

Question 8

what is a causative agent of papillary necrosis?

Answer 8

analgesics

Question 9

what are 3 types of glomerular disease?

Answer 9

1. minimal change glomerular disease
2. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
3. membranous nephropathy

Question 10

what is a causative agent of minimal change glomerular disease?

Answer 10

lithium

Question 11

what are 2 causative agents of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

Answer 11

1. heroin
2. lithium

Question 12

what is a causative agent of membranous nephropathy?

Answer 12

gold therapy

Question 13

lesions on the microvasculature of the kidneys

Answer 13

renal vascular disease

Question 14

glomerular lesions caused by direct or immune mediated injury

Answer 14

glomerular disease

Question 15

type of renal vascular disease that leads to inflammation of the blood vessels

Answer 15

renal vasculitis

Question 16

type of renal vascular disease that leads to thrombosis in capillaries and arterioles due to endothelial damage

Answer 16

thrombotic microangiopathy

Question 17

type of renal vascular disease that leads to cholesterol emboli that occludes small arteries of the kidneys

Answer 17

cholesterol emboli

Question 18

what is a causative medication of renal vasculitis?

Answer 18

hydralazine

Question 19

what is a causative agent of cholesterol emboli?

Answer 19

warfarin

Question 20

when there is a precipitation of crystals in the renal tubular lumen

Answer 20

crystal nephropathy

Question 21

precipitation of calcium phosphate in the renal tubular lumen

Answer 21

nephrocalcinosis

Question 22

when there is stone formation in the renal tubular lumen

Answer 22

nephrolithiasis

Question 23

what are the 3 types of obstructive nephropathy?

Answer 23

1. crystal nephropathy
2. nephrocalcinosis
3. nephrolithiasis

Question 24

what are 3 indirect ways that can cause crystal nephropathy?

Answer 24

1. uric acid
2. myoglobin
3. RBC casts

Question 25

what is a direct factor that can cause crystal nephropathy?

Answer 25

acyclovir

Question 26

what is a causative agent of nephrocalcinosis?

Answer 26

fleet enemas

Question 27

uptake into the proximal tubular cells, which can cause oncotic gradient and damage

Answer 27

osmotic nephropathy

Question 28

what do prostaglandins cause to happen in the kidneys?

Answer 28

vasodilation

Question 29

what does angiotensin II cause to happen in the kidneys?

Answer 29

vasoconstriction