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Anatomic Terminology > General Anatomy Terminology > Flashcards

General Anatomy Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Sagittal (medial) plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions

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2
Q

What is the median plane?

A

the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves at the precise midline

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3
Q

What is the Coronal Plane?

A

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

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4
Q

What is the Axial (transverse) plane?

A

The transverse plane is an anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

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5
Q

What does the term “anterior” mean?

A

It means near the front of the body

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What does the term “posterior” mean?

A

It means near the back of the body

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8
Q

What does the term “middle” mean?

A

It means near the middle/midline of the body

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9
Q

What does the term “superior” mean?

A

It means near the top of the head

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10
Q

What other names does the term “superior” have?

A

The term “superior” also can be called “rostral” or “cranial”

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11
Q

What does the term “inferior” mean?

A

It means near the soles of the feet

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12
Q

What other names does the term “inferior” have?

A

The term “inferior” can also be called “caudal”

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13
Q

What does the term “medial” mean?

A

it means something that is positioned towards the midline/median plane

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14
Q

What does the term “Lateral” mean?

A

It means something that is positioned further from the midline

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15
Q

What does the term “proximal” mean?

A

It means near the the attachment of the limb to the body

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16
Q

What does the term “Distal” mean?

A

It means furthest away from the body.

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17
Q

What are the terms “proximal” and “distal” also used to describe?

A

These two terms are used to describe the ends of the limbs and also the beginning and end of arteries and vessels. (origin and end)

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18
Q

What does the term “superficial” mean?

A

It means near the surface of the body

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19
Q

What does the term “deep” mean?

A

It means further from the surface of the body

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20
Q

What does the term “external” mean?

A

it means further from the centre of the body or organ

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21
Q

What does the term “internal” mean?

A

It means nearer to the center of the body

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22
Q

What does the term “Dorsal” mean?

A

On a human body, dorsal (i.e., posterior) refers to the back portion of the limb

23
Q

What is the opposite of the term: “Dorsal”

A

The opposite term is “Ventral”

24
Q

What are the dorsal surfaces?

A

Posterior Surface of wrist
Posterior Surface of hand
Posterior Surface of tongue
Superior surface of foot

25
Q

What are the opposite of dorsal surfaces:

A

Volar = anterior surface of wrist
Palmar = anterior surface of hand
Ventral = anterior surface of tongue
Plantar = inferior surface of foot

25
Q

What does “major” and “minor” mean?

A

Relatively larger and smaller structures with the same names
eg. Right pectoralis major
left pectoralis minor

26
Q

What does the term unilateral mean?

A

Structure is normally found only on one side of the body (e.g. the appendix on the right side)

27
Q

what does the term “Bilateral” mean?

A

Normally paired structures, a right and a left structure (e.g. the right and left kidneys)

28
Q

What does the term “midline” mean?

A

A single structure located at (or near) the midline/median plane (e.g. the umbilicus)

29
Q

Ipsilateral what does the term “ipsilateral” mean?

A

it is when the structure that lies on the same side of the body as the other structure or location it is being compared to.

30
Q

What does the term “contralateral” mean?

A

It is when the structure lies on the opposite side of the body as the other structure or location it is being compared to.

31
Q

What are some combined anatomical terms?

A

Superolateral; superomedial
Inferolateral; inferomedial;
Anteroinferior; anterosuperior
Anterolateral; posterolateral

32
Q

What does the term “flexion” mean?

A

It is a decrease in the angle between the bones at a joint.

33
Q

What does the term “extension” mean?

A

It is an increase in the angle of the joint.

34
Q

What movements are flexions?

A

All anterior movements at joints superior to the knee joint are flexions (neck, back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip.)

35
Q

What movements are extensions?

A

From the knee joint to the tips of the toes, all anterior movements are extensions (knees, ankles, toes)

36
Q

What does the term “abduction” mean?

A

It is movement away from the median plane

37
Q

What does the term “adduction” mean?

A

It is movement towards the median plane.

38
Q

What does the term “internal/medial rotation” mean?

A

It is when the anterior surface of limb rotates to the median plane.

39
Q

What does the term “external/lateral rotation” mean?

A

It is when the anterior surface of the limb rotates away from the median plane.

40
Q

What does the term “circumduction” mean?

A

It is a circular motion at a joint (combination of movements that result in rotation).

41
Q

What does the term “eversion” mean?

A

it is when the sole of the foot rotates away from the median plane such that the soles face laterally

42
Q

What does the term “inversion” mean?

A

It is when the sole of the foot rotates to the median plane

43
Q

What does the term “pronation” mean?

A

It is when the anterior surface of the forearm rotates such that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly.

44
Q

What does the term “supination” mean?

A

It is when the forearm rotates from the pronated position back into the anatomical position.

45
Q

What are the movement terms applied to the hands?

A

Extension of wrist / flexion of wrist
Flexion of digits / extension of digits
Opposition of digits/ Reposition of digits
Pronation of palm/ supination of palm
Abduction of digits/ adduction of digits

46
Q

What are some movement terms specific to the thumb?

A

Abduction = taking the thumb anteriorly away from the palm
Extension = taking the thumb laterally away from, and in the coronal plane of the palm
Opposition of the thumb with the digits
Adduction = adding the thumb posteriorly back to the palm after abduction
Flexion = folding the thumb across and into the coronal plane of the palm
Reposition of the thumb after opposition with the digits

47
Q

What are some other movement terms?

A

Lateral Flexion
Rotation
Elevation (superior movement) and depression (Inferior movement)
Protraction (Anterior movement) & retraction (Posterior movement) of the jaw or shoulder.

48
Q

What does the term “occlusion” mean?

A

Occlusion refers to the bite of the mouth

49
Q

What do the terms “upper” and “lower” mean?

A

“Upper” refers to the maxillary arch while “lower” refers to the mandibular arch.

50
Q

How many dental quadrants are there?

A

There are four dental quadrants:
Upper right, upper left
lower right, lower left

51
Q

How many teeth are in each quadrant?

A

Each teeth, starting from midline and extending to end of quadrant, has a number from 1-8
8 is the wisdom teeth

52
Q

How many surfaces does each tooth have?

A

Each tooth has 5 surfaces,
labial and buccal refer to the surface the tooth is in contact with.
The incisors (the front three teeth in each quadrant) have these 5 surfaces:
Labial = lip (3-3)
Palatal = Palate (upper teeth)
Lingual = tongue (lower teeth)
mesial = nearer to midline (Closer to the front of mouth) (all teeth)
Distal = further from midline (Closer to back of mouth) (All teeth)
The molars have these five surfaces:
Buccal = cheek (4-8)
Palatal = Palate (upper teeth)
Lingual = tongue (lower teeth)
mesial = nearer to midline (Closer to the front of mouth) (all teeth)
Distal = further from midline (Closer to back of mouth) (All teeth)

53
Q

What do the terms incisal and occlusal mean?

A

Incisal refers to the cutting edge.
Occlusal refers to the biting edge.

Anatomic Terminology (6 decks)

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