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BMS 150 FINAL 2 > General Anatomy of GI Tract > Flashcards

General Anatomy of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

where is the lesser omentum

A

extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum -> to the inferior aspect of the liver

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2
Q

what are the clinically important structures that lie within the lesser omentum?

A
  • hepatic artery
  • common bile duct
  • hepatic portal vein
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3
Q

what is the mesentery?

A

double-fold of small intestinal peritoneal lining continuous with the serosa
- lines the jejunum and ileum, binds them to the posterior abdominal wall

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4
Q

what helps keep the small intestine from being “tangled”

A

mesentery

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5
Q

what is mesocolon

A

2 separate double-folds that connect the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

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6
Q

what divides the liver into left and right lobes and attaches to the anterior abdominal wall

A

the falciform ligament

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7
Q

what bursa is behind the stomach and lesser omentum?

A

omental bursa

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8
Q

the arteries branch off the abdominal aorta at 3 major sites:

A
  • celiac trunk
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • inferior mesenteric artery
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9
Q

celiac trunk gives rise to?

A
  • left gastric artery
  • common hepatic artery
  • splenic artery
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • stomach
  • duodenum
  • spleen
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10
Q

which branch of arteries from the abdominal aorta supplies the structures of the embryologic foregut

A

celiac trunk

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11
Q

superior mesenteric artery gives rise to arteries that supply:

A
  • pancreas
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • as well as the large intestine up to the point of the transverse colon
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12
Q

which branch of arteries from the abdominal aorta supplies the structures of the embryologic foregut and midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

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13
Q

inferior mesenteric artery gives rise to arteries that supply:

A

the rest of the large intestine and superior anus (embryonic hindgut)

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14
Q

venous circulation is a ?

A

portal circulation

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15
Q

what is a portal circulation?

A

capillary networks that are in series with each other

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16
Q

the inferior mesenteric vein joins with the ?

A

splenic vein

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17
Q

the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein come together to form the ?

A

hepatic portal vein

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18
Q

the hepatic portal vein carries ? but ? to the ? from most of the organs within the abdominal cavity

A

poorly-oxygenated
nutrient-rich blood
liver

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19
Q

what are the layers of the GI tract? (from lumen to outer wall)

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa/adventitia
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20
Q

describe the mucosa

A

absorption, secretion, chemical digestion, many endocrine functions, some immune functions

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21
Q

describe the submucosa

A

secretion, lots of blood vessels, contains a large plexus of neurons (submucosal or Meissner’s plexus), some immune functions

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22
Q

describe the muscularis

A

two to three layers of smooth muscle, main function is propulsion, another large neuronal plexus exists here (muscular or Auerbach’s plexus)

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23
Q

describe the serosa/adventitia

A

connective tissue that anchors the GI tract and at the same time allows mobility – forms the peritoneum

24
Q

the epithelial lining consists of:

A
  • epithelium
  • goblet cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
25
Q

goblet cells secrete ? which protects/lubricates the GI tract, forms a water layer for diffusion of nutrients, and helps “store” ?

A

mucous
IgA

26
Q

what forms the border between the mucosa and submucosa

A

muscularis mucosa

27
Q

enteroendocrine cells (DNES) can be ? or ?

A

open or close

28
Q

open enteroendocrine cells?

A

contact the lumen and can sense luminal contents

29
Q

closed enteroendocrine cells?

A

do not contact the lumen, thus they are dependent on other sources of input to regulate secretion

30
Q

where are G cells found?

A

stomach

31
Q

G cell = what hormone ?

A

gastrin

32
Q

what does gastrin mainly do?

A

increases secretion of stomach acid

33
Q

where are I cells found?

A

small intestine

34
Q

I cell = what hormone?

A

CCK

35
Q

what does CCK do?

A

pancreatic enzyme secretion, gallbladder contraction

36
Q

where are Mo cells found?

A

small intestine

37
Q

Mo = what hormone?

A

Motilin

38
Q

what does motilin do?

A

migrating motor complex

39
Q

S cells are found where?

A

small intestine

40
Q

S cells = what hormone?

A

secretin

41
Q

what does secretin do?

A

bicarobonate and water secretion from pancrease
inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying

42
Q

what is MALT

A

smaller nodules rich in macrophages and lymphocytes, found in the mucosa (lamina propria)

43
Q

what is Peyer’s patches

A

very large (extends right through to the submucosa) nodules that may be cm in length
○ found mostly throughout the distal small intestine (jejunum, ileum)

44
Q

in the epithelium overlying Peyer’s patches are ?

A

M cells

45
Q

what do M cells do?

A

selectively endocytose antigens and present them to dendritic cells and lymphocytes

46
Q

esophagus has an ?

A

adventitia

47
Q

what forms the outer layer of the GI tract?

A

serosa

48
Q

in terms of the peritoneal membrane and peritoneal fluid, small particles are absorbed by ? and enter the portal circulation

A

venous pores

49
Q

in terms of the peritoneal membrane and peritoneal fluid, large particles are absorbed by ? and enter the thoracic duct

A

lymphatic capillaries

50
Q

The trunk is bounded by what superiorly?

A

Diaphragm

51
Q

the trunk is bounded by what anterolaterally

A

musculo-aponeurotic walls

52
Q

the trunk is bounded virtually by what inferiorly

A

the pelvic inlet

53
Q

the trunk is bounded by what posteriorly

A

the vertebrae

54
Q

what does the alimentary canal contain

A
  • lower esophageal sphincter, stomach
  • duodenum, jejunum, ileum
  • Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon
55
Q

what are some accessory organs

A

liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys

BMS 150 FINAL 2 (26 decks)

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