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APC - CK > General Agriculture > Flashcards

General Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of Variable costs on a Farm?

A

Feed, fertiliser, sprays, vets, medicine, labour, fuel

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2
Q

What is the Gross Margin of an Enterprise?

A

OUTPUT
Less
VARIABLE COSTS

It is the percentage of revenue a company keeps after subtracting the variable costs.

No account for ‘fixed’ or ‘overhead’ costs (e.g. labour, power, machinery, rent, finance)

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3
Q

Give examples of Fixed costs on a Farm?

A

Labour, machinery, general overheads and finance

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4
Q

Is Depreciation considered as a fixed or variable cost?

A

Depreciation (for property and machinery) is considered a fixed cost. It can be used to provide a broad assessment of the capital investment needs of a business.

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5
Q

What is the cost (per tn) of:

  1. Nitrogen
  2. Phosphate
  3. Potassium
A
  1. Nitrogen = £360/t
  2. Phosphate = £445/t
  3. Potassium = £440/t
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6
Q

How often should you spread Lime, and how much per hectare?

A

Every 4 years
Approx 3.5 ton/ha

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7
Q

Which natural manure has the most nutrients?

A

Broiler/Turkey litter
N - 30kgt
P - 25kg/t
K - 18kg/t

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8
Q

What is a farm waste management plan?

A

It involves implementing different practices related to handling and disposing of waste including:

Crop residues
Animal manure
Packaging materials
Agricultural byproduct

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9
Q

Why do you need a farm waste management plan?

A
  1. Ensure compliance with environmental regulations/guidelines
  2. Encourage waste reduction
  3. Improve operational efficiency, minimize costs, sustainability
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10
Q

What is an NVZ and its purpose?

A

Nitrate vulnerable zone
Aims to reduce water pollution and protect water quality. Managed by SEPA

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11
Q

What are the 5 NVZ’s in Scotland?

A
  1. Lower Nithsdale
  2. Lothian and Borders
  3. Strathmore and Fife (including Finavon)
  4. Moray, Aberdeenshire, Banff and Buchan
  5. Stranraer Lowlands
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12
Q

What is the ideal proportion of Nutrients in FYM or Slurry?

A

N - 35%
P - 45%
K - 75%

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13
Q

Which Act controls the use of pesticides on farms?

A

Food and Environment Protection Act 1985

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14
Q

Give examples of different pesticides?

A

Herbicide
Insecticide
Fungicide
Nematicides

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15
Q

Where can you find information on UK and Global crop prices?

A

AHDB (UK)
Farmers Weekly (UK)

FAO (Food & Agriculture Organisation) forecast (Global)

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16
Q

What is the general trend for UK oilseed rape production?

A

Production currently at a 20 year low. Increasing reliance on imported product. Prices suspected to rise.

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17
Q

What is a typical Yield for Winter Wheat?

A

Grain - 8t/ha
Straw - 4.2t/ha

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18
Q

What is a typical Yield for Winter Barley?

A

Grain - 7.5t/ha
Straw - 4t/ha

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19
Q

What is a typical Yield for Spring Wheat?

A

Grain - 6.5t/ha
Straw - 3.5t/ha

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20
Q

What is a typical Yield for Spring Barley?

A

Grain - 5.5t/ha
Straw - 3t/ha

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21
Q

What is a typical Yield for Winter Oats?

A

Grain - 7.5t/ha
Straw - 4.7t/ha

22
Q

What is a typical Yield for Spring Oats?

A

Grain - 5t/ha
Straw - 3t/ha

23
Q
A
24
Q

What is a typical Yield for Spring Oilseed Rape?

A

Grain - 2.5t/ha
Straw - N/A

25
Q

What is a legume and what purpose does it serve?

A

Legumes are crops which can fix nitrogen directly from the atmosphere into the soil (e.g. peas, beans). They improve N levels, and improve soil health and can act as useful cover crops

26
Q
A
27
Q

What is a typical Yield for Timothy Hay?

A

6.5t/ha

28
Q

What is the main risk when growing Potatoes?

A

Pests and diseases - Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN). Significant cost of Nematicides.

29
Q

What is the most popular potato variety in the UK?

A

Maris Piper

30
Q

What is the average yield of Potatos?

A

40t/ha

31
Q

What is the average yield of grass on Scottish upland and lowland farms?

A

Aprox 6t/DM/ha

32
Q

Which month shows the greatest grass growth in Scotland?

A

April-May

33
Q

How do you calculate Stocking units?

A

GLU - Grazing Livestock Units

2GLU/ha is considered ‘intensive’ with high Nitrate input

34
Q

What are Ewe Hoggs and how much are they typically worth?

A

Ewe Hoggs are young female sheep in between their first weaning and first shearing (£150-170 approx)

35
Q

When do you typically shear sheep?

A

Typically shear in the the first or second week of July but depends on the land quality and breed.

36
Q

How do you calculate crop loss claim?

A
  1. Measure area affected
  2. Identify the crop type
  3. Agree value for crop (at harvest)
  4. Consider the condition/type of ground and the effort required to return to agri use
37
Q

Why might a landowner prefer a grazing agreement to an SLDT?

A
  1. Shorter tenure, providing flexibility for the landowner (<364 days)
  2. Landowner does not need to serve notice to quit
  3. Doesn’t attract security of tenure
  4. The landowner remains in occupation and retains the right to claim BPS
  5. Grazing agreements do not need to be registered at the land registry and are exempt from Stamp Duty land tax
  6. Landowner remains in occupation meaning the land can assist with business asset disposal relief from capital gains tax.
  7. Less repairing obligations of the FE
38
Q

Why would you consider using Regenerative Agriculture?

A

Focus on soil health:

To improve soil organic matter content, increase water holding capacity, reduce compaction, reduce tillage and therefore reduce surface runoff and loss of OM through wind and rain. This therefore reduces inputs and provides crop in a sustainable manner.

39
Q

What is an Agistment?

A

A short term arrangement between a landowner and the owner of animals. It is not within the agricultural legislation.

Payment is often made per head of livestock e.g. hillground farmer overwintering stock on the lowground in someone elses farm.

40
Q

What legislation does a Grazing Agreement fall under?

A

First introduced in 1948 act and then repeated in the 1991 Act, but now governed under the 2003 Act.

41
Q

What is the current Malting Barley and Feed Barley price?

A

Malting: £170/tn
Feed: £160/tn

42
Q

Where would you find rules regarding cross compliance within BPS?

A

??

43
Q

What steps are required in order to obtain a short term let license?
12 Marks

A
  1. Detail type of Short term License required
  2. Check whether eligible
  3. Personal or business details
  4. Management of property (whether you intend to appoint someone to run the property)
  5. History of previous/other short term let license
  6. Ownership status/proof
  7. Property address/details
  8. Meet safety standards (gas and fire safety certificate, PAT test, EICR, water safety test for human consumption, EPC, legionella)
  9. Floor plans
  10. Must meet minimum Tolerable standards and Repairing standards
  11. Criminal convictions or unspent convictions check on owner
  12. Information stored on Public register
44
Q

What are the 4 types of short term let licenses?

A

Secondary letting – letting of property where you do not normally live.

Home letting – means using all or part of your own home for short-term lets whilst you are absent, e.g. while you are on holiday.

Home sharing – means using all or part of your own home for short-term lets whilst you are there.

Home letting and home sharing – means you operate short-term lets from your own home while you are living there and also for periods when you are absent.

45
Q

What is the deadline for a short term let license in Moray Council?

A

1st October 2024

46
Q

Where do you find the majority of Scotland’s arable cropping?

A

East coast of Scotland (Borders to Inverness). Has less extreme temperature and rainfall.

47
Q

What factors can influence crop yield?

A

Soil type, temperature, sunlight, water holding capacity, existing soil nutrients

48
Q

What are the typical land classifications for Arable ground and Permanent Pasture in Scotland?

A

Arable - Typically 3.1 and 3.2
Permanent Pasture - Typically 4.1 and 4.2

49
Q

What is the price of spring barley (malting) per tonne at the moment?

A

£175 / t

50
Q

What is the price of feed barley per tonne at the moment?

A

£160 / t

51
Q

What is the price of oil seed rape per tonne at the moment?

A

£375 / t

52
Q

What is the price of winter wheat per tonne at the moment?

A

£195 / t

APC - CK (11 decks)

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