General acids and bases Flashcards
why are bases effective cleaners
because they react with fats and oils to produce water-soluble soaps
soluble base is called
alkali
properties of acids
turn litmus indicator red, corrosive, react with bases, solutions have low ph, solutions conduct electricty
properties of bases
turns litmus indicator blue, caustic, slippery, bitter, react with acids, solutions have a high pH and can conduct electricty
the Bronsted lowry theory
states that a substance behaves as an acid when it donates a proton (H+) to base, a substance behaves as a base when it accepts a proton from an acid, an acid-base reaction involves the exchange of protons from an acid to a base
whenever there is a transfer of a proton H+
an acid-base reaction has occured
a conjugate acid-base pair
two molecules that differ by a proton H+
when an acid donates a proton, the resulting moolecule is
its conjugate base
when a base accepts a proton the resulting molecule is
is its conjugate acid
when acids react with water, water acts
as a base and hydronium ions are produced
when water reacts with a base, water acts as
an acid and hydroxide ions are produyced
amphirotic substances
substances that can donate or accept protons depending on what they are reacting with, they can act as abase or an acid
when another amphirotic substance is placed in water,
they both react as acids and bases
examples of amphirotic substances
water and amino acids
why are amino acids amphirotic substances
because the amino acid dunctional group is capable of acceptable the H++ proton to form NH3+ and the carboxyl group is capable of donating a H+ proton to form COO
monoprotic acids
acids that can only donate one proton
examples of monoprotic acids
HCL, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and ethanoiuc acid
why is ethanoic acid a monoprotic acid
it can only donate the H+ that is aopart of the highlypolar OH bond despite having foiur hydrogen atoms, the hydrogen donated is called the acidic proton
polyprotic acids
acids that can donate one proton, the number of H+ an acid can donate depends on the structure of the acid
do polyprotic acids donate they H+ all at once
no, they do so in steps when reacting with a base
diprotic acids
acids that can donate two protons
what does the double arrow indicate
that an incomplete reaction occurs, mixture has some recatbt and product molecules present
triprotic acids
aicds that can donate 3 protons
