General

Question 1

Explain the reinforcing and counteracting feedback and give example

Answer 1

• Reinforcing Feedback is that which accelerates change in a system towards a positive or negative trend. Example is the reinforcing feedback between land use and accessibility
• Counterbalancing Feedback is that which maintains the system in a stable state. Example is the counteracting feedback between travel demand and transport supply

Question 2

Explain the dynamic (speed of change) of land use and transport

Answer 2

While some factors change very fast, as travel and goods transport, others need a lot of time to take place. Structural changes on network and land use, for example, are very difficult to develop and develop very slow over the time.

Question 3

Explain two types of ILUT modeling (Principle, software, difference)

Answer 3

Activity-based micro simulation
• Observation, description (re-production) of travel behavior
• User level, agent-based (User optimum)
• Linear, quantitative modeling
• MATSim, UrbanSim, ILLUMASS, ILUTE

System thinking/ system dynamics
• Exploring, detailing, explaining underlying links, cause and effect
• System level, global approach (system optimum)
• Complex, qualitative modeling
• IRPUD, MobiSim

Question 4

What are sins in large-scale modeling?

Answer 4

1. less forecasting, more backcasting
2. less extrapolation, more fundamental change
3. less detail, more essentials
4. less equilibrium, more dynamics
5. less calibration, more plausibility
6. less observed behavior, more theory
7. less preferences, more constraints

Question 5

What is the difference between activity based and multi agent model?

Answer 5

Activity-based modelling
• Trip-chains (home-bring to school-work-shopping)
• Approaches try to model activity programs, trip and household interactions
Multi-agent modelling
• Individual persons as reference
• Interactions of several actors in a common network system